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The wide-ranging applications of large language models (LLMs), especially in safety-critical domains, necessitate the proper evaluation of the LLM's adversarial robustness. This paper proposes an efficient tool to audit the LLM's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Xilie Xu , Keyi Kong , Ning Liu , Lizhen Cui , Di Wang , Jingfeng Zhang , Mohan Kankanhalli

Prompt injection attacks represent a major vulnerability in Large Language Model (LLM) deployments, where malicious instructions embedded in user inputs can override system prompts and induce unintended behaviors. This paper presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 S M Asif Hossain , Ruksat Khan Shayoni , Mohd Ruhul Ameen , Akif Islam , M. F. Mridha , Jungpil Shin

This paper presents a real-time modular defense system named Sentra-Guard. The system detects and mitigates jailbreak and prompt injection attacks targeting large language models (LLMs). The framework uses a hybrid architecture with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Md. Mehedi Hasan , Sk Tanzir Mehedi , Ziaur Rahman , Rafid Mostafiz , Md. Abir Hossain

Current LLM safety defenses fail under decomposition attacks, where a malicious goal is decomposed into benign subtasks that circumvent refusals. The challenge lies in the existing shallow safety alignment techniques: they only detect harm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chen Yueh-Han , Nitish Joshi , Yulin Chen , Maksym Andriushchenko , Rico Angell , He He

Prompt injection attacks, where malicious input is designed to manipulate AI systems into ignoring their original instructions and following unauthorized commands instead, were first discovered by Preamble, Inc. in May 2022 and responsibly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Jeremy McHugh , Kristina Šekrst , Jon Cefalu

Prompt injection attacks, where untrusted data contains an injected prompt to manipulate the system, have been listed as the top security threat to LLM-integrated applications. Model-level prompt injection defenses have shown strong…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sizhe Chen , Arman Zharmagambetov , David Wagner , Chuan Guo

Prompt attacks, including jailbreaks and prompt injections, pose a critical security risk to Large Language Model (LLM) systems. In production, guardrails must mitigate these attacks under strict low-latency constraints, resulting in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Hieu Xuan Le , Benjamin Goh , Quy Anh Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in real-world systems. Given their broader applicability, prompt engineering has become an efficient tool for resource-scarce organizations to adopt LLMs for their own purposes. At the same…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Piyush Jaiswal , Aaditya Pratap , Shreyansh Saraswati , Harsh Kasyap , Somanath Tripathy

Dataset distillation offers a potential means to enhance data efficiency in deep learning. Recent studies have shown its ability to counteract backdoor risks present in original training samples. In this study, we delve into the theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ming-Yu Chung , Sheng-Yen Chou , Chia-Mu Yu , Pin-Yu Chen , Sy-Yen Kuo , Tsung-Yi Ho

Security threats like prompt injection attacks pose significant risks to applications that integrate Large Language Models (LLMs), potentially leading to unauthorized actions such as API misuse. Unlike previous approaches that aim to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Shih-Han Chan

As AI agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly versatile and capable of addressing a broad spectrum of tasks, ensuring their security has become a critical challenge. Among the most pressing threats are prompt…

Current evaluations of defenses against prompt attacks in large language model (LLM) applications often overlook two critical factors: the dynamic nature of adversarial behavior and the usability penalties imposed on legitimate users by…

Backdoor attacks pose a critical threat by embedding hidden triggers into inputs, causing models to misclassify them into target labels. While extensive research has focused on mitigating these attacks in object recognition models through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Kyle Stein , Andrew Arash Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

Natural language interfaces to structured databases are becoming increasingly common, largely due to advances in large language models (LLMs) that enable users to query data using conversational input rather than formal query languages such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Farzad Nourmohammadzadeh Motlagh , Mehrdad Hajizadeh , Mehryar Majd , Pejman Najafi , Feng Cheng , Christoph Meinel

Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents demonstrate strong capabilities in autonomous task execution, tool use, and multi-step reasoning. However, their increasing autonomy also introduces a new attack surface: adversarial interactions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sheldon Yu , Yingcheng Sun , Hanqing Guo , Julian McAuley , Qianqian Tong

LLM agents process trusted instructions, retrieved records, and tool observations through a common generative channel. This conflates data flow with authority: an untrusted string can affect a secret-bearing response or an action proposal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Faruk Alpay , Taylan Alpay

Prompt injection attacks aim to contaminate the input data of an LLM to mislead it into completing an attacker-chosen task instead of the intended task. In many applications and agents, the input data originates from multiple sources, with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Reachal Wang , Yuqi Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Network intrusions are a significant problem in all industries today. A critical part of the solution is being able to effectively detect intrusions. With recent advances in artificial intelligence, current research has begun adopting deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-01 Ishaan Shivhare , Joy Purohit , Vinay Jogani , Samina Attari , Madhav Chandane

Prompt injection has emerged as a serious security threat to large language models (LLMs). At present, the current best-practice for defending against newly-discovered prompt injection techniques is to add additional guardrails to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Ahmed Salem , Andrew Paverd , Boris Köpf

Recently, Provenance-based Intrusion Detection Systems (PIDSes) have been widely used for endpoint threat analysis. These studies can be broadly categorized into rule-based detection systems and learning-based detection systems. Among…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Wenrui Cheng , Tiantian Zhu , Shunan Jing , Jian-Ping Mei , Mingjun Ma , Jiaobo Jin , Zhengqiu Weng
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