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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve strong performance by jointly processing inputs from multiple modalities, such as vision, audio, and language. However, building such models or extending them to new modalities often requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Md Kaykobad Reza , Ameya Patil , Edward Ayrapetian , M. Salman Asif

The success of pretrain-finetune paradigm brings about the release of numerous model weights. In this case, merging models finetuned on different tasks to enable a single model with multi-task capabilities is gaining increasing attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Chenyu Huang , Peng Ye , Tao Chen , Tong He , Xiangyu Yue , Wanli Ouyang

Model merging enables the combination of multiple specialized expert models into a single model capable of performing multiple tasks. However, the benefits of merging an increasing amount of specialized experts generally lead to diminishing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ronald Skorobogat , Karsten Roth , Mariana-Iuliana Georgescu

Model merging enables the reuse of fine-tuned models without joint training or access to original data. Dynamic merging further improves flexibility by selectively activating task-relevant parameters and efficiently composing experts across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Guodong Du , Wanyu Lin

Model merging combines multiple fine-tuned models into a single model by adding their weight updates, providing a lightweight alternative to retraining. Existing methods primarily target resolving conflicts between task updates, leaving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yayuan Li , Ze Peng , Jian Zhang , Jintao Guo , Yue Duan , Yinghuan Shi

Transfer learning - i.e., further fine-tuning a pre-trained model on a downstream task - can confer significant advantages, including improved downstream performance, faster convergence, and better sample efficiency. These advantages have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Prateek Yadav , Derek Tam , Leshem Choshen , Colin Raffel , Mohit Bansal

Model merging dramatically reduces storage and computational resources by combining multiple expert models into a single multi-task model. Although recent model merging methods have shown promising results, they struggle to maintain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zijing Wang , Xingle Xu , Yongkang Liu , Yiqun Zhang , Peiqin Lin , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Hinrich Schütze

Collaborative perception integrates multi-agent perspectives to enhance the sensing range and overcome occlusion issues. While existing multimodal approaches leverage complementary sensors to improve performance, they are highly prone to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiageng Wen , Shengjie Zhao , Bing Li , Jiafeng Huang , Kenan Ye , Hao Deng

Large-scale deep learning models with a pretraining-finetuning paradigm have led to a surge of numerous task-specific models fine-tuned from a common pre-trained model. Recently, several research efforts have been made on merging these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yeoreum Lee , Jinwook Jung , Sungyong Baik

Model merging aims to efficiently combine the weights of multiple expert models, each trained on a specific task, into a single multi-task model, with strong performance across all tasks. When applied to all but the last layer of weights,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Ekansh Sharma , Daniel M. Roy , Gintare Karolina Dziugaite

Model merging has emerged as an efficient strategy for constructing multitask models by integrating the strengths of multiple available expert models, thereby reducing the need to fine-tune a pre-trained model for all the tasks from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Kehao Zhang , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Weight-space model merging combines independently fine-tuned models without accessing original training data, offering a practical alternative to joint training. While merging succeeds in multitask settings, its behavior in multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Baban Gain , Asif Ekbal , Trilok Nath Singh

Model merging combines knowledge from task-specific models into a unified multi-task model to avoid joint training on all task data. However, current methods face challenges due to representation bias, which can interfere with tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Marcin Osial , Daniel Marczak , Bartosz Zieliński

The success of large language models has garnered widespread attention for model merging techniques, especially training-free methods which combine model capabilities within the parameter space. However, two challenges remain: (1) uniform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Jiaqi Han , Jingwen Ye , Shunyu Liu , Haofei Zhang , Jie Song , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song

This paper presents a unified mathematical paradigm, based on stochastic geometry, for downlink cellular networks with multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) base stations (BSs). The developed paradigm accounts for signal retransmission upon…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-12 Laila Hesham Afify , Hesham ElSawy , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Multi-task model merging offers a promising paradigm for integrating multiple expert models into a unified model without additional training. Existing state-of-the-art techniques, such as Task Arithmetic and its variants, merge models by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenju Sun , Qingyong Li , Yangli-ao Geng , Boyang Li

Recent advances in large language models have led to numerous task-specialized fine-tuned variants, creating a need for efficient model merging techniques that preserve specialized capabilities while avoiding costly retraining. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Shuqi Liu , Han Wu , Bowei He , Xiongwei Han , Mingxuan Yuan , Linqi Song

Deep model fusion/merging is an emerging technique that merges the parameters or predictions of multiple deep learning models into a single one. It combines the abilities of different models to make up for the biases and errors of a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Weishi Li , Yong Peng , Miao Zhang , Liang Ding , Han Hu , Li Shen

From a multi-model compression perspective, model merging enables memory-efficient serving of multiple models fine-tuned from the same base, but suffers from degraded performance due to interference among their task-specific parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Hangyu Zhou , Aaron Gokaslan , Volodymyr Kuleshov , Bharath Hariharan

Typical deep visual recognition models are capable of performing the one task they were trained on. In this paper, we tackle the extremely difficult problem of combining distinct models with different initializations, each solving a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 George Stoica , Daniel Bolya , Jakob Bjorner , Pratik Ramesh , Taylor Hearn , Judy Hoffman