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Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy has demonstrated a strong aptitude for identifying and differentiating biological tissues. However, the broadband and smooth nature of these signals require algorithmic processing, as they are often…
Biological tissues are composed of discrete compartments of biochemical media that often exhibit subtle differences in refractive index. Light propagating through these compartments partially diffracts in a forward direction with a pi/2…
The field of bio-inspired soft grippers has emerged as a transformative area of research with profound implications for biomedical applications. This book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, developments,…
A key optical parameter characterizing the existence of negative refraction in a thin layer of a composite material is the effective refractive index of an equivalent, homogenized layer with the same physical thickness as the initial…
Metasurfaces have attracted extensive interests due to their ability to locally manipulate optical parameters of light and easy integration to complex optical systems. Particularly, metasurfaces can provide a novel platform for splitting…
Recovering the radiometric properties of a scene (i.e., the reflectance, illumination, and geometry) is a long-sought ability of computer vision that can provide invaluable information for a wide range of applications. Deciphering the…
Decomposing geometry, materials and lighting from a set of images, namely inverse rendering, has been a long-standing problem in computer vision and graphics. Recent advances in neural rendering enable photo-realistic and plausible inverse…
The aim of this paper is to give an overview of brain organoid computing, its characteristics, challenges, as well as possible advantages for future applications in the field of artificial intelligence. An important part is the extensive…
Wireless signals are integral to modern society, enabling both communication and increasingly, environmental sensing. While various propagation models exist, ranging from empirical methods to full-wave simulations, the phenomenon of…
The introduction of large language models has significantly expanded global demand for computing; addressing this growing demand requires novel approaches that introduce new capabilities while addressing extant needs. Although inspiration…
Redundancy is a fundamental characteristic of many biological processes such as those in the genetic, visual, muscular and nervous system; yet its function has not been fully understood. The conventional interpretation of redundancy is that…
Novel optical phenomena, including electromagnetically induced transparency, slow light, superluminal light propagation, have recently been demonstrated in diverse physical implementations. These phenomena are challenging to realize in…
Rapid developments in the emerging field of stretchable and conformable photonics necessitate analytical expressions for boundary conditions at metasurfaces of arbitrary geometries. Here, we introduce the concept of conformal boundary…
Biological systems, from cells to organisms, must respond to the ever changing environment in order to survive and function. This is not a simple task given the often random nature of the signals they receive, as well as the intrinsically…
Undoing the image formation process and therefore decomposing appearance into its intrinsic properties is a challenging task due to the under-constraint nature of this inverse problem. While significant progress has been made on inferring…
Optical spectroscopy is indispensable for research and development in nanoscience and nanotechnology, microelectronics, energy, and advanced manufacturing. Advanced optical spectroscopy tools often require both specifically designed…
Optical tactile sensing holds transformative potential for robotics, particularly in collaborative environments where touch perception enhances safety, adaptability, and cognitive interaction. However, traditional tactile technologies based…
Optical routers are fundamental to photonic systems, but their performance is often limited by unwanted reflections and constrained functionalities. Existing design strategies generally lack complete control over reflectionless pathways and…
Efficient devices for light harvesting and photon sensing are fundamental building blocks of basic energy science and many essential technologies. Recent efforts have turned to biomimicry to design the next generation of light-capturing…
The scattering matrix, which quantifies the optical reflection and transmission of a photonic structure, is pivotal for understanding the performance of the structure. In many photonic design tasks, it is also desired to know how the…