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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a paradigm that augments large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge to tackle knowledge-intensive question answering. While several benchmarks evaluate Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yin Wu , Quanyu Long , Jing Li , Jianfei Yu , Wenya Wang

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) has become the important paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, existing approaches are constrained by their reliance on high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Xiaojun Wu , Cehao Yang , Xueyuan Lin , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Yuanliang Sun , Hui Xiong , Jia Li , Jian Guo

The current paradigm of evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) through static benchmarks comes with significant limitations, such as vulnerability to data contamination and a lack of adaptability to the evolving capabilities of LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Zhehao Zhang , Jiaao Chen , Diyi Yang

Generating metaphors is a difficult task as it requires understanding nuanced relationships between abstract concepts. In this paper, we aim to generate a metaphoric sentence given a literal expression by replacing relevant verbs. Guided by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Kevin Stowe , Tuhin Chakrabarty , Nanyun Peng , Smaranda Muresan , Iryna Gurevych

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at language understanding but remain limited in knowledge-intensive domains due to hallucinations, outdated information, and limited explainability. Text-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) helps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Larissa Pusch , Alexandre Courtiol , Tim Conrad

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) utilizes external knowledge to augment Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability. For flexibility, agentic RAG employs autonomous, multi-round retrieval and reasoning to resolve queries. Although recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chao Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Derong Xu , Haoxin Zhang , Yuanjie Lyu , Yuhao Chen , Shuochen Liu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has enhanced large language models by enabling access to external knowledge, with graph-based RAG emerging as a powerful paradigm for structured retrieval and reasoning. However, existing graph-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Nengbo Wang , Tuo Liang , Vikash Singh , Chaoda Song , Van Yang , Yu Yin , Jing Ma , Jagdip Singh , Vipin Chaudhary

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal LLMs have been remarkable. However, these models still rely solely on their parametric knowledge, which limits their ability to generate up-to-date information and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zihan Ling , Zhiyao Guo , Yixuan Huang , Yi An , Shuai Xiao , Jinsong Lan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

This paper argues that reliable end-to-end graph data analytics cannot be achieved by retrieval- or code-generation-centric LLM agents alone. Although large language models (LLMs) provide strong reasoning capabilities, practical graph…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Qiange Wang , Chaoyi Chen , Jingqi Gao , Zihan Wang , Yanfeng Zhang , Ge Yu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently been extended to multimodal settings, connecting multimodal large language models (MLLMs) with vast corpora of external knowledge such as multimodal knowledge graphs (MMKGs). Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hyeongcheol Park , Jiyoung Seo , Jaewon Mun , Hogun Park , Wonmin Byeon , Sung June Kim , Hyeonsoo Im , JeungSub Lee , Sangpil Kim

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework for enhancing the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating retrieval-based methods with generative models. As external knowledge repositories…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shuyi Liu , Yuming Shang , Xi Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds Large Language Models (LLMs) in external knowledge but often suffers from flat context representations and stateless retrieval, leading to unstable performance. We propose Stateful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Qi Dong , Ziheng Lin , Ning Ding

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves large language models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant information from external sources and has been widely adopted for text-based tasks. For structured data, such as knowledge graphs, Graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Haoyu Han , Li Ma , Yu Wang , Harry Shomer , Yongjia Lei , Zhisheng Qi , Kai Guo , Zhigang Hua , Bo Long , Hui Liu , Charu C. Aggarwal , Jiliang Tang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been shown to enhance the factual accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs), but existing methods often suffer from limited reasoning capabilities in effectively using the retrieved evidence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Shayekh Bin Islam , Md Asib Rahman , K S M Tozammel Hossain , Enamul Hoque , Shafiq Joty , Md Rizwan Parvez

Textual logical reasoning, especially question-answering (QA) tasks with logical reasoning, requires awareness of particular logical structures. The passage-level logical relations represent entailment or contradiction between propositional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yinya Huang , Lemao Liu , Kun Xu , Meng Fang , Liang Lin , Xiaodan Liang

Memory-Augmented Generation (MAG) extends Large Language Models with external memory to support long-context reasoning, but existing approaches largely rely on semantic similarity over monolithic memory stores, entangling temporal, causal,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Dongming Jiang , Yi Li , Guanpeng Li , Bingzhe Li

Integrating structured knowledge from Knowledge Graphs (KGs) into Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a key challenge for symbolic reasoning. Existing methods mainly rely on prompt engineering or fine-tuning, which lose structural fidelity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Erica Coppolillo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing through strong semantic understanding and generation. However, their black-box nature limits structured and multi-hop reasoning. In contrast,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Guangxin Su , Hanchen Wang , Jianwei Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Ying Zhang , Jian Pei

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm that organizes external knowledge into structured graphs of entities and relations, enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jinyoung Park , Sanghyeok Lee , Omar Zia Khan , Hyunwoo J. Kim , Joo-Kyung Kim

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in jointly understanding text, images, and videos, often evaluated via Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, even state-of-the-art MLLMs struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alberto Compagnoni , Marco Morini , Sara Sarto , Federico Cocchi , Davide Caffagni , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara