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With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), ensuring their safe use becomes increasingly critical. Fine-tuning is a widely used method for adapting models to downstream tasks, yet it is vulnerable to jailbreak attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xiangfang Li , Yu Wang , Bo Li

Robustness of huge Transformer-based models for natural language processing is an important issue due to their capabilities and wide adoption. One way to understand and improve robustness of these models is an exploration of an adversarial…

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass safety alignment and elicit harmful responses. A growing body of work shows that contextual priming, where earlier turns covertly bias later replies,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mario Rodríguez Béjar , Francisco J. Cortés-Delgado , S. Braghin , Jose L. Hernández-Ramos

Text-to-image diffusion models have been widely adopted in real-world applications due to their ability to generate realistic images from textual descriptions. However, recent studies have shown that these methods are vulnerable to backdoor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Oscar Chew , Po-Yi Lu , Jayden Lin , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Text-based image generation models, such as Stable Diffusion and DALL-E 3, hold significant potential in content creation and publishing workflows, making them the focus in recent years. Despite their remarkable capability to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Wenxuan Wang , Kuiyi Gao , Youliang Yuan , Jen-tse Huang , Qiuzhi Liu , Shuai Wang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhaopeng Tu

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite advanced general capabilities, still suffer from numerous safety risks, especially jailbreak attacks that bypass safety protocols. Understanding these vulnerabilities through black-box jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yao Huang , Yitong Sun , Shouwei Ruan , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Xingxing Wei

Jailbreaking attacks can effectively induce unsafe behaviors in Large Language Models (LLMs); however, the transferability of these attacks across different models remains limited. This study aims to understand and enhance the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Junxiao Yang , Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have seen widespread applications across various domains, yet remain vulnerable to adversarial prompt injections. While most existing research on jailbreak attacks and hallucination phenomena has focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Linghan Huang , Haolin Jin , Zhaoge Bi , Pengyue Yang , Peizhou Zhao , Taozhao Chen , Xiongfei Wu , Lei Ma , Huaming Chen

Adversarial text attack research is useful for testing the robustness of NLP models, however, the rise of transformers has greatly increased the time required to test attacks. Especially when researchers do not have access to adequate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Shatarupa Ghosh , Jonathan Rusert

Recent studies have highlighted that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, even in a black-box scenario. However, most of the existing black-box attack algorithms need to make a huge amount of queries to perform…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-11 Yali Du , Meng Fang , Jinfeng Yi , Jun Cheng , Dacheng Tao

Deep neural networks and other machine learning systems, despite being extremely powerful and able to make predictions with high accuracy, are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. We proposed the DeltaBound attack: a novel, powerful attack in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Lorenzo Rossi

Modern reasoning models, such as OpenAI's o1 and DeepSeek-R1, exhibit impressive problem-solving capabilities but suffer from critical inefficiencies: high inference latency, excessive computational resource consumption, and a tendency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hang Yuan , Bin Yu , Haotian Li , Shijun Yang , Christina Dan Wang , Zhou Yu , Xueyin Xu , Weizhen Qi , Kai Chen

Hard-label black-box attacks, relying solely on top-1 predictions, represent one of the most challenging yet practically threat models. Despite recent progress, existing approaches face two key limitations: (1) they overlook the critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jun Liu , Leo Yu Zhang , Fengpeng Li , Isao Echizen , Jiantao Zhou

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have achieved impressive results, yet existing models often struggle with simple or underspecified prompts, leading to suboptimal image-text alignment, aesthetics, and quality. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Ruibo Chen , Jiacheng Pan , Heng Huang , Zhenheng Yang

Text-to-image (T2I) personalization allows users to guide the creative image generation process by combining their own visual concepts in natural language prompts. Recently, encoder-based techniques have emerged as a new effective approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Moab Arar , Rinon Gal , Yuval Atzmon , Gal Chechik , Daniel Cohen-Or , Ariel Shamir , Amit H. Bermano

Text-to-image models have shown remarkable capabilities in generating high-quality images from natural language descriptions. However, these models are highly vulnerable to adversarial prompts, which can bypass safety measures and produce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Peigui Qi , Kunsheng Tang , Wenbo Zhou , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Tianwei Zhang , Qing Guo , Jie Zhang

Although text-to-image (T2I) models exhibit remarkable generation capabilities, they frequently fail to accurately bind semantically related objects or attributes in the input prompts; a challenge termed semantic binding. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Taihang Hu , Linxuan Li , Joost van de Weijer , Hongcheng Gao , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Jian Yang , Ming-Ming Cheng , Kai Wang , Yaxing Wang

Text-to-image (T2I) models have become prevalent across numerous applications, making their robust evaluation against adversarial attacks a critical priority. Continuous access to new and challenging adversarial prompts across diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Jessica Quaye , Charvi Rastogi , Alicia Parrish , Oana Inel , Minsuk Kahng , Lora Aroyo , Vijay Janapa Reddi

Deep neural networks for image classification remain vulnerable to adversarial examples -- small, imperceptible perturbations that induce misclassifications. In black-box settings, where only the final prediction is accessible, crafting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Arjhun Swaminathan , Mete Akgün

Jailbreaking is an essential adversarial technique for red-teaming these models to uncover and patch security flaws. However, existing jailbreak methods face significant drawbacks. Token-level jailbreak attacks often produce incoherent or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jiecong Wang , Haoran Li , Hao Peng , Ziqian Zeng , Zihao Wang , Haohua Du , Zhengtao Yu