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Related papers: Using Time Structure to Estimate Causal Effects

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Predicting causal structure from time series data is crucial for understanding complex phenomena in physiology, brain connectivity, climate dynamics, and socio-economic behaviour. Causal discovery in time series is hindered by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Pedro P. Sanchez , Damian Machlanski , Steven McDonagh , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Causal analyses of longitudinal data generally assume that the qualitative causal structure relating variables remains invariant over time. In structured systems that transition between qualitatively different states in discrete time steps,…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-11 Ranjani Srinivasan , Jaron Lee , Rohit Bhattacharya , Narges Ahmidi , Ilya Shpitser

We describe a formal approach to identify 'root causes' of outliers observed in $n$ variables $X_1,\dots,X_n$ in a scenario where the causal relation between the variables is a known directed acyclic graph (DAG). To this end, we first…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-06 Dominik Janzing , Kailash Budhathoki , Lenon Minorics , Patrick Blöbaum

Inferring causal relationships from observed data is an important task, yet it becomes challenging when the data is subject to various external interferences. Most of these interferences are the additional effects of external factors on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Ruichu Cai , Xiaokai Huang , Wei Chen , Zijian Li , Zhifeng Hao

Spatiotemporal time series are usually collected via monitoring sensors placed at different locations, which usually contain missing values due to various failures, such as mechanical damages and Internet outages. Imputing the missing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Baoyu Jing , Dawei Zhou , Kan Ren , Carl Yang

Causal interactions in time series networks can be dynamic and nonlinear, making it difficult to identify them using conventional linear causality estimations. We propose a novel approach, called Threshold Autoregressive Modeling for…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-19 Sipan Aslan , Hernando Ombao

Knowing the causal structure of a system is of fundamental interest in many areas of science and can aid the design of prediction algorithms that work well under manipulations to the system. The causal structure becomes identifiable from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-30 Martin Emil Jakobsen , Rajen D. Shah , Peter Bühlmann , Jonas Peters

Inferring causation from time series data is of scientific interest in different disciplines, particularly in neural connectomics. While different approaches exist in the literature with parametric modeling assumptions, we focus on a…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-18 Rahul Biswas , SuryaNarayana Sripada , Somabha Mukherjee

Covariate adjustment is a widely used approach to estimate total causal effects from observational data. Several graphical criteria have been developed in recent years to identify valid covariates for adjustment from graphical causal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Emilija Perković , Johannes Textor , Markus Kalisch , Marloes H. Maathuis

Identifying ``true causality'' is a fundamental challenge in complex systems research. Widely adopted methods, like the Granger causality test, capture statistical dependencies between variables rather than genuine driver-response…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-05 Yingzhu Liu , Shengyuan Huang , Zhongkui Li , Xiaoguang Yang , Wenjun Mei

Causal diagrams are logic and graphical tools that depict assumptions about presumed causal relations. Such diagrams have proven effective in tackling a variety of problems in social sciences and epidemiology research yet remain foreign to…

Applications · Statistics 2023-06-29 M. Z. Naser

Given data sampled from a number of variables, one is often interested in the underlying causal relationships in the form of a directed acyclic graph. In the general case, without interventions on some of the variables it is only possible…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-05 Christopher Nowzohour , Peter Bühlmann

Causal structure learning has been a challenging task in the past decades and several mainstream approaches such as constraint- and score-based methods have been studied with theoretical guarantees. Recently, a new approach has transformed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Ignavier Ng , Shengyu Zhu , Zhitang Chen , Zhuangyan Fang

Estimating causal effects is particularly challenging when outcomes arise in complex, non-Euclidean spaces, where conventional methods often fail to capture meaningful structural variation. We develop a framework for topological causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-04 Kwangho Kim , Hajin Lee

We focus on the extension of bivariate causal learning methods into multivariate problem settings in a systematic manner via a novel framework. It is purposive to augment the scale to which bivariate causal discovery approaches can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-29 Hongyi Chen , Maurits Kaptein

Nonlinear machine-learning models are increasingly used to discover causal relationships in time-series data, yet the interpretation of their outputs remains poorly understood. In particular, causal scores produced by regularized neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Valentina Kuskova , Dmitry Zaytsev , Michael Coppedge

Estimating causal effects is crucial for decision-makers in many applications, but it is particularly challenging with observational network data due to peer interactions. Many algorithms have been proposed to estimate causal effects…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Xiaojing Du , Jiuyong Li , Debo Cheng , Lin Liu , Wentao Gao , Xiongren Chen

This tutorial provides a concise introduction to modern causal modeling by integrating potential outcomes and graphical methods. We motivate causal questions such as counterfactual reasoning under interventions and define binary treatments…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Gauranga Kumar Baishya

Understanding causal relations in dynamic systems is essential in epidemiology. While causal inference methods have been extensively studied, they often rely on fully specified causal graphs, which may not always be available in complex…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-23 Simon Ferreira , Charles K. Assaad

Causal effect estimation from observational data is a fundamental task in empirical sciences. It becomes particularly challenging when unobserved confounders are involved in a system. This paper focuses on front-door adjustment -- a classic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Marcel Wienöbst , Benito van der Zander , Maciej Liśkiewicz