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The increasing need for compact and low-power computing solutions for machine learning applications has triggered significant interest in energy-efficient neuromorphic systems. However, most of these architectures rely on spiking neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Manu V Nair , Giacomo Indiveri

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are energy-efficient neural networks because of their spiking nature. However, as the spike firing rate of SNNs increases, the energy consumption does as well, and thus, the advantage of SNNs diminishes. Here,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Kazuma Suetake , Takuya Ushimaru , Ryuji Saiin , Yoshihide Sawada

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired alternative to conventional artificial neural networks, with potential advantages in power efficiency due to their event-driven computation. Despite their promise, SNNs have yet…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Wangdan Liao , Weidong Wang

This paper introduces SpikeFit, a novel training method for Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) that enables efficient inference on neuromorphic hardware, considering all its stringent requirements: the number of neurons and synapses that can…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ivan Kartashov , Mariia Pushkareva , Iakov Karandashev

Implantable Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are promising for motor rehabilitation and mobility augmentation, and they demand accurate and energy-efficient algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel spiking neural network (SNN) decoder…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-06 Jiawei Liao , Oscar Toomey , Xiaying Wang , Lars Widmer , Cynthia A. Chestek , Luca Benini , Taekwang Jang

Spiking neural network (SNN) is interesting both theoretically and practically because of its strong bio-inspiration nature and potentially outstanding energy efficiency. Unfortunately, its development has fallen far behind the conventional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Shibo Zhou , Xiaohua LI , Ying Chen , Sanjeev T. Chandrasekaran , Arindam Sanyal

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are seen as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), but the performance gap remains a challenge. While this gap is narrowing through ANN-to-SNN conversion, substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ziqing Wang , Yuetong Fang , Jiahang Cao , Hongwei Ren , Renjing Xu

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are able to learn spatiotemporal features while using less energy, especially on neuromorphic hardware. The most widely used spiking neuron in deep learning is the Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) neuron. LIF…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Sidi Yaya Arnaud Yarga , Sean U. N. Wood

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have gained significant attention as a potentially energy-efficient alternative for standard neural networks with their sparse binary activation. However, SNNs suffer from memory and computation overhead due…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Donghyun Lee , Ruokai Yin , Youngeun Kim , Abhishek Moitra , Yuhang Li , Priyadarshini Panda

The tremendous energy consumption of deep neural networks (DNNs) has become a serious problem in deep learning. Spiking neural networks (SNNs), which mimic the operations in the human brain, have been studied as prominent energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Seongsik Park , Sungroh Yoon

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as a promising substitute for Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) due to their advantages of fast inference and low power consumption. However, the lack of efficient training algorithms has hindered…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Tong Bu , Maohua Li , Zhaofei Yu

Biologically-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), processing information using discrete-time events known as spikes rather than continuous values, have garnered significant attention due to their hardware-friendly and energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Bin Lei , Sheng Lin , Pei-Hung Lin , Chunhua Liao , Caiwen Ding

The problem of spike encoding of sound consists in transforming a sound waveform into spikes. It is of interest in many domains, including the development of audio-based spiking neural networks, where it is the first and most crucial stage…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Ahmad El Ferdaoussi , Éric Plourde , Jean Rouat

In a spiking neural network (SNN), individual neurons operate autonomously and only communicate with other neurons sparingly and asynchronously via spike signals. These characteristics render a massively parallel hardware implementation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Ping Tak Peter Tang , Tsung-Han Lin , Mike Davies

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are an emerging type of biologically plausible and efficient Artificial Neural Network (ANN). This work presents the development of a hardware accelerator for a SNN for high-performance inference, targeting a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Alessio Carpegna , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a promising candidate for energy-efficient LLM inference. However, current energy evaluations for SNNs primarily focus on counting accumulate operations, and fail to account for real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zhanglu Yan , Kaiwen Tang , Zixuan Zhu , Zhenyu Bai , Qianhui Liu , Weng-Fai Wong

Spiking neural networks are efficient computation models for low-power environments. Spike-based BP algorithms and ANN-to-SNN (ANN2SNN) conversions are successful techniques for SNN training. Nevertheless, the spike-base BP training is slow…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Jianxiong Tang , Jianhuang Lai , Xiaohua Xie , Lingxiao Yang , Wei-Shi Zheng

We propose a novel backpropagation algorithm for training spiking neural networks (SNNs) that encodes information in the relative multiple spike timing of individual neurons without single-spike restrictions. The proposed algorithm inherits…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kakei Yamamoto , Yusuke Sakemi , Kazuyuki Aihara

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are promising biologically plausible models of computation which utilize a spiking binary activation function similar to that of biological neurons. SNNs are well positioned to process spatiotemporal data, and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Boxun Xu , Richard Boone , Peng Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are gaining interest due to their event-driven processing which potentially consumes low power/energy computations in hardware platforms, while offering unsupervised learning capability due to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Shafique