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Data assimilation (DA) aims to estimate the full state of a dynamical system by combining partial and noisy observations with a prior model forecast, commonly referred to as the background. In atmospheric applications, this problem is…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 Jing-An Sun , Hang Fan , Junchao Gong , Ben Fei , Kun Chen , Fenghua Ling , Wenlong Zhang , Wanghan Xu , Li Yan , Pierre Gentine , Lei Bai

In atmospheric and turbulent flow modeling, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is often used to reduce computational cost, while observational data typically originates from the underlying physical system. Motivated by this setting, we study a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Adam Larios , Ali Pakzad , Nicholas White

Data assimilation (DA) estimates a dynamical system's state from noisy observations. Recent generative models like the ensemble score filter (EnSF) improve DA in high-dimensional nonlinear settings but are computationally expensive. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Taos Transue , Bohan Chen , So Takao , Bao Wang

Data assimilation (DA) combines partial observations with dynamical models to improve state estimation. Filter-based DA uses only past and present data and is the prerequisite for real-time forecasts. Smoother-based DA exploits both past…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Marios Andreou , Nan Chen , Yingda Li

Deep learning has recently gained attention in the atmospheric and oceanic sciences for its potential to improve the accuracy of numerical simulations or to reduce computational costs. Super-resolution is one such technique for…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-09-21 Yuki Yasuda , Ryo Onishi

Reduced-order modelling and low-dimensional surrogate models generated using machine learning algorithms have been widely applied in high-dimensional dynamical systems to improve the algorithmic efficiency. In this paper, we develop a…

Data assimilation is widely used in many disciplines such as meteorology, oceanography, and robotics to estimate the state of a dynamical system from noisy observations. In this work, we propose a lightweight and general method to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Thomas Savary , François Rozet , Gilles Louppe

In recent years, the convergence of data-driven machine learning models with Data Assimilation (DA) offers a promising avenue for enhancing weather forecasting. This study delves into this emerging trend, presenting our methodologies and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Wenqi Wang , Jacob Bieker , Rossella Arcucci , César Quilodrán-Casas

The diffusion approximation (DA) is widely used in the analysis of stochastic population dynamics, from population genetics to ecology and evolution. DA is an uncontrolled approximation that assumes the smoothness of the calculated quantity…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-04 Jayant Pande , Nadav M. Shnerb

Data assimilation is a technique for increasing the accuracy of simulations of solutions to partial differential equations by incorporating observable data into the solution as time evolves. Recently, a promising new algorithm for data…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-12-06 Adam Larios , Collin Victor

We apply two data assimilation (DA) methods, a smoother and a filter, and a model-free machine learning (ML) shallow network to forecast two weakly turbulent systems. We analyse the effect of the spatial sparsity of observations on accuracy…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-07-16 Vikrant Gupta , Yuanqing Chen , Minping Wan

The Data Assimilation (DA) community has been developing various diagnostics to understand the importance of the observing system in accurately forecasting the weather. They usually rely on the ability to compute the derivatives of the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-11-03 Patrick Laloyaux , Mihai Alexe , Eulalie Boucher , Peter Lean , Ewan Pinnington , Simon Lang , Tobias Necker , Anthony McNally

Accurate and efficient global ocean state estimation remains a grand challenge for Earth system science, hindered by the dual bottlenecks of computational scalability and degraded data fidelity in traditional data assimilation (DA) and deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yanfei Xiang , Yuan Gao , Hao Wu , Quan Zhang , Ruiqi Shu , Xiao Zhou , Xi Wu , Xiaomeng Huang

QuantumATK is an integrated set of atomic-scale modelling tools developed since 2003 by professional software engineers in collaboration with academic researchers. While different aspects and individual modules of the platform have been…

Data assimilation combines information from physical observations and numerical simulation results to obtain better estimates of the state and parameters of a physical system. A wide class of physical systems of interest have solutions that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Amit N. Subrahmanya , Adrian Sandu

Obtaining accurate high-resolution representations of model outputs is essential to describe the system dynamics. In general, however, only spatially- and temporally-coarse observations of the system states are available. These observations…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-11-08 Mohamad Abed El Rahman Hammoud , Olivier LeMaitre , Edriss S. Titi , Ibrahim Hoteit , Omar Knio

Lagrangian trajectories are widely used as observations for recovering the underlying flow field via Lagrangian data assimilation (DA). However, the strong nonlinearity in the observational process and the high dimensionality of the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-02-06 Quanling Deng , Nan Chen , Samuel N. Stechmann , Jiuhua Hu

Active Alignment (AA) is a key technology for the large-scale automated assembly of high-precision optical systems. Compared with labor-intensive per-model on-device calibration, a digital-twin pipeline built on optical simulation offers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Wenyong Li , Qi Jiang , Weijian Hu , Kailun Yang , Zhanjun Zhang , Wenjun Tian , Kaiwei Wang , Jian Bai

The ultra-long relaxation time of glass transition makes it difficult to construct atomic models of amorphous materials by conventional methods. We propose a novel method for building such atomic models using data assimilation method by…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-12-14 Yuansheng Zhao , Ryuhei Sato , Shinji Tsuneyuki

Prediction of the state evolution of complex high-dimensional nonlinear systems is challenging due to the nonlinear sensitivity of the evolution to small inaccuracies in the model. Data Assimilation (DA) techniques improve state estimates…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-07-10 Aishah Albarakati , Marko Budisic , Erik Van Vleck