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Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been proposed as a key enabler to improve the coverage of the signals and mitigate the frequent blockages in millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-16 Rafaela Schroeder , Jiguang He , Glauber Brante , Markku Juntti

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) panels are envisioned as a key technology for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, providing a cost-effective means to enhance coverage and spectral efficiency. A critical challenge is the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Saifur Rahman , Syed Luqman Shah , Salman Khan , Jalal Khan , Muhammad Irfan , Maaz Shafi , Said Muhammad , Fazal Muhammad , Mohammad Shahed Akond

A beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is an innovative type of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that has recently been proposed and is considered a revolutionary advancement in wave manipulation. Unlike the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Abd Ullah Khan , Uman Khalid , Trung Q. Duong , Hyundong Shin

In intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted communication systems, the acquisition of channel state information (CSI) is a crucial impediment for achieving the beamforming gain of IRS because of the considerable overhead required for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Zhaorui Wang , Liang Liu , Shuguang Cui

This article aims to reduce huge pilot overhead when estimating the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) relayed wireless channel. Motivated by the compelling grasp of deep learning in tackling nonlinear mapping problems, the proposed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-26 Shen Gao , Peihao Dong , Zhiwen Pan , Geoffrey Ye Li

To achieve the more significant passive beamforming gain in the double-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided system over the conventional single-IRS counterpart, channel state information (CSI) is indispensable in practice but also…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Beixiong Zheng , Changsheng You , Rui Zhang

Extremely large-scale reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (XL-RISs) have emerged as a promising technology for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. However, the exceedingly large aperture of XL-RISs renders the RIS-user links likely to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Erkang Dong , Taihao Zhang , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Jiangzhou Wang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been envisioned as a key technology in future wireless communication networks to enable smart radio environment. To further enhance the passive beamforming capability of RIS, beyond diagonal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Ziang Liu , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx

In this paper, we investigate cascaded channel estimation for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided millimeter-wave multi-user communication systems. Since the complex channel gains of the cascaded RIS channel are generally…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Gyoseung Lee , Junil Choi

In the realm of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communication systems, the connection between a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) is formed by a cascaded channel, merging the BS-RIS and RIS-UE channels. Due to the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Yiming Cui , Jiajia Guo , Chao-Kai Wen , Shi Jin

Channel estimation in reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-aided systems is crucial for optimal configuration of the RIS and various downstream tasks such as user localization. In RIS-aided systems, channel estimation involves…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-19 Firas Fredj , Amal Feriani , Amine Mezghani , Ekram Hossain

The channel estimation problem has been widely discussed in traditional reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted multiple-input multiple-output. However, solutions for channel estimation adapted to beyond diagonal RIS need further study,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-05 Gilderlan T de Araujo , Andre L. F. de Almeida

In this paper, we adopt a three-stage based uplink channel estimation protocol with reduced pilot overhead for an reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multi-user (MU) millimeter wave (mmWave) communication system, in which both…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Zhendong Peng , Gui Zhou , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , A. Lee Swindlehurst , Petar Popovski , Gang Wu

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS)s enhance wave manipulation through inter-element couplings but pose significant channel estimation challenges due to cascaded channels and block-Kronecker structures. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Daniel Costa Araújo , André L. F. de Almeida

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are envisioned as a promising technology for future wireless communication systems due to their ability to control the propagation environment in a hardware- and energy-efficient way. Recently, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-23 Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Fluid reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (FRISs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for wireless communications, wherein the reflecting elements can dynamically select their effective radiating positions from a dense preset…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Amarilton L. Magalhães , André L. F. de Almeida , George C. Alexandropoulos

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) hold significant promise for enhancing physical layer security (PLS). However, conventional RISs are typically modeled using diagonal scattering matrices, capturing only independent reflections…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Weijie Xiong , Jingran Lin , Cunhua Pan , Yilong Zeng , Qiang Li

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can manipulate the wireless communication environment by controlling the coefficients of RIS elements. However, due to the large number of passive RIS elements without signal processing capability,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Xiuhong Wei , Decai Shen , Linglong Dai

Next-generation wireless technologies such as 6G aim to meet demanding requirements such as ultra-high data rates, low latency, and enhanced connectivity. Extremely Large-Scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Muhammad Kamran Saeed , Ashfaq Khokhar , Shakil Ahmed

Recently, beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has been proposed to generalize conventional RIS. BD-RIS has a scattering matrix that is not restricted to being diagonal and thus brings a performance improvement over…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx
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