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With the rise of neural networks in various domains, multi-task learning (MTL) gained significant relevance. A key challenge in MTL is balancing individual task losses during neural network training to improve performance and efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Lukas Kirchdorfer , Cathrin Elich , Simon Kutsche , Heiner Stuckenschmidt , Lukas Schott , Jan M. Köhler

Model merging, a method that combines the parameters and embeddings of multiple fine-tuned large language models (LLMs), offers a promising approach to enhance model performance across various tasks while maintaining computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Amin Heyrani Nobari , Kaveh Alim , Ali ArjomandBigdeli , Akash Srivastava , Faez Ahmed , Navid Azizan

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to leverage shared information among tasks to improve learning efficiency and accuracy. However, MTL often struggles to effectively manage positive and negative transfer between tasks, which can hinder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Chenguang Wang , Xuanhao Pan , Tianshu Yu

Transfer learning has recently become the dominant paradigm of machine learning. Pre-trained models fine-tuned for downstream tasks achieve better performance with fewer labelled examples. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how to develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jonas Pfeiffer , Sebastian Ruder , Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti

Although multi-task learning is widely applied in intelligent services, traditional multi-task modeling methods often require customized designs based on specific task combinations, resulting in a cumbersome modeling process. Inspired by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jingxuan Zhou , Weidong Bao , Ji Wang , Zhengyi Zhong , Dayu Zhang

Representation learning has been widely studied in the context of meta-learning, enabling rapid learning of new tasks through shared representations. Recent works such as MAML have explored using fine-tuning-based metrics, which measure the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Kurtland Chua , Qi Lei , Jason D. Lee

Modular neural networks outperform nonmodular neural networks on tasks ranging from visual question answering to robotics. These performance improvements are thought to be due to modular networks' superior ability to model the compositional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Akhilan Boopathy , Sunshine Jiang , William Yue , Jaedong Hwang , Abhiram Iyer , Ila Fiete

With the development of LLMs as agents, there is a growing interest in connecting multiple agents into multi-agent systems to solve tasks concurrently, focusing on their role in task assignment and coordination. This paper explores how LLMs…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Alfonso Amayuelas , Jingbo Yang , Saaket Agashe , Ashwin Nagarajan , Antonis Antoniades , Xin Eric Wang , William Wang

Fine-tuning large language models (LMs) for individual tasks yields strong performance but is expensive for deployment and storage. Recent works explore model merging to combine multiple task-specific models into a single multi-task model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Haobo Zhang , Jiayu Zhou

Trained ML models are commonly embedded in optimization problems. In many cases, this leads to large-scale NLPs that are difficult to solve to global optimality. While ML models frequently lead to large problems, they also exhibit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Artur M. Schweidtmann , Dominik Bongartz , Alexander Mitsos

Model merging has emerged as a promising approach for unifying independently fine-tuned models into an integrated framework, significantly enhancing computational efficiency in multi-task learning. Recently, several SVD-based techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chanhyuk Lee , Jiho Choi , Chanryeol Lee , Donggyun Kim , Seunghoon Hong

Model merging acquires general capabilities without extra data or training by combining multiple models' parameters. Previous approaches achieve linear mode connectivity by aligning parameters into the same loss basin using permutation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yi-Kai Zhang , Jin Wang , Xu-Xiang Zhong , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye

In recent years, multi-task learning has turned out to be of great success in various applications. Though single model training has promised great results throughout these years, it ignores valuable information that might help us estimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Yeshwant Singh , Anupam Biswas , Angshuman Bora , Debashish Malakar , Subham Chakraborty , Suman Bera

Embedding fusion has emerged as an effective approach for enhancing performance across various NLP tasks. However, systematic guidelines for selecting optimal layers and developing effective fusion strategies for the integration of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Jiho Gwak , Yuchul Jung

We study and quantify the generalization patterns of multitask learning (MTL) models for sequence labeling tasks. MTL models are trained to optimize a set of related tasks jointly. Although multitask learning has achieved improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Gabriele Bettgenhäuser , Michael A. Hedderich , Dietrich Klakow

This paper develops a new framework, called modular regression, to utilize auxiliary information -- such as variables other than the original features or additional data sets -- in the training process of linear models. At a high level, our…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-27 Ying Jin , Dominik Rothenhäusler

Multi-task learning (MTL) can improve the generalization performance of neural networks by sharing representations with related tasks. Nonetheless, MTL can also degrade performance through harmful interference between tasks. Recent work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Emilie Grégoire , Hafeez Chaudhary , Sam Verboven

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have been largely driven by scaling laws for individual models, which predict performance improvements as model parameters and data volume increase. However, the capabilities of any single LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Dakuan Lu , Jiaqi Zhang , Cheng Yuan , Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

The fine-tuning of pre-trained language models has resulted in the widespread availability of task-specific models. Model merging offers an efficient way to create multi-task models by combining these fine-tuned models at the parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sanwoo Lee , Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Yunfang Wu

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) involves the concurrent training of multiple tasks, offering notable advantages for dense prediction tasks in computer vision. MTL not only reduces training and inference time as opposed to having multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Maxime Fontana , Michael Spratling , Miaojing Shi