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In this paper, we systematically study three classes of three-dimensional Ba\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black holes based on different gravitational frameworks and matter field structures: the Einstein-Maxwell BTZ, the F(R)-Maxwell…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-27 Yu-Die Wan , Peng Zhao , Meng-Yao Zhang , Zheng-Wen Long

In this paper, we study the thermodynamics and phase transition of a BTZ black hole in a finite space region, namely a cavity. By imposing a temperature-fixed boundary condition on the wall of the cavity and evaluating the Euclidean action,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-25 Yuchen Huang , Jun Tao

In the recent paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 191101 (2022)], the black holes were viewed as topological thermodynamic defects by using the generalized off-shell free energy. Their work indicates that all black hole solutions in the pure…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-27 Yongbin Du , Xiangdong Zhang

This work explores the universal classification of thermodynamic topology for charged static black holes within the $z=3$ Ho\u{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity theory, considering both canonical and grand canonical ensembles. We introduce a new…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-09 Hao Chen , Meng-Yao Zhang , Hassan Hassanabadi , Qihong Huang , Zheng-Wen Long

We investigate thermodynamic schemes of charged BTZ-like black holes in arbitrary dimensions, namely higher-dimensional charged black holes in which the electromagnetic sector exhibits the same properties with that of the usual…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-06 Ali Dehghani , Behnam Pourhassan , Soodeh Zarepour , Emmanuel N. Saridakis

We study the thermodynamics and the thermodynamic geometries of charged rotating BTZ (CR-BTZ) black holes in (2+1)-gravity. We investigate the thermodynamics of these systems within the context of the Weinhold and Ruppeiner thermodynamic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-17 M. Akbar , H. Quevedo , K. Saifullah , A. Sanchez , S. Taj

In this Letter, we investigate the universal classifications of black hole states by considering them as topological defects within the thermodynamic parameter space. Through the asymptotic behaviors of the constructed vector, our results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-03 Shao-Wen Wei , Yu-Xiao Liu , Robert B. Mann

We study the properties of the space of thermodynamic equilibrium states of the Ba\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole in (2+1)-gravity. We use the formalism of geometrothermodynamics to introduce in the space of equilibrium states a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-01-21 Hernando Quevedo , Alberto Sanchez

We study the thermodynamics and thermodynamic geometry of the (2+1) dimensional Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli(BTZ) black hole within the framework of the non-extensive generalizations of Gibbs entropy. We investigate both the rotating (R-BTZ)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-22 Amijit Bhattacharjee , Prabwal Phukon

Among the study of black hole thermodynamics, topology offers a novel approach and perspective for classifying black hole systems. In this work, we explore the thermodynamical topology of the quantum BTZ black hole by employing the concept…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-05 Shan-Ping Wu , Shao-Wen Wei

In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic topology of black holes within the framework of Tsallis statistics. By integrating Tsallis non-extensive statistics with topological thermodynamics, we analyze the local and global stability…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-17 Yahya Ladghami , Brahim Asfour , Amine Bouali , Ahmed Errahmani , Taoufik Ouali

This paper presents a detailed study of the thermodynamics of charged BTZ black holes using the conformal holographic extended thermodynamics formalism and Tsallis statistics. The cornerstone of our thermodynamic framework is the re-scaling…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-11-18 Yahya Ladghami , Brahim Asfour , Amine Bouali , Taoufik Ouali , G. Mustafa

The well-known $(2+1)$-dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom (BTZ) black hole can be generalized to three dimensional Einstein-nonlinear electromagnetic field, motivated from obtaining a finite value for the self-energy of a pointlike charge.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-05-21 S. H. Hendi

In this paper, we study the universal thermodynamic topological classes of a family of black holes in a perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) background. Recent research on black hole thermodynamics suggests that all black holes can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-01 Muhammad Rizwan , Mubasher Jamil , M. Z. A. Moughal

Motivated by many worthwhile paper about (2 + 1)-dimensional BTZ black holes, we generalize them to to (n + 1)-dimensional solutions, so called BTZ-like solutions. We show that the electric field of BTZ-like solutions is the same as (2 +…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-03 S. H. Hendi

Due to the asymptotic structure of the black hole solution, there are two different thermodynamic schemes for the charged Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole. In one scheme, the charged BTZ black hole is super-entropic, while in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-30 Zhen-Ming Xu , Bin Wu , Wen-Li Yang

The critical behavior and phase transition in the 2+1 dimensional Ba\~nados, Teitelboim, and Zanelli (BTZ) black holes are discussed. By calculating the equilibrium thermodynamic fluctuations in the microcanonical ensemble, canonical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-17 Rong-Gen Cai , Zhi-Jiang Lu , Yuan-Zhong Zhang

The thermodynamics of the BTZ black holes are revisited with variable Newton constant. A new pair of conjugated variables, the central charge $C$ and the chemical potential $\mu$, is introduced as thermodynamic variables. The first law of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-26 Yan-Ying Bai , Xuan-Rui Chen , Zhen-Ming Xu , Bin Wu

In this paper we consider three dimensional BTZ black holes with three models of nonlinear electrodynamics as source. Calculating heat capacity, we study the stability and phase transitions of these black holes. We show that Maxwell,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-10-23 Seyed Hossein Hendi , Shahram Panahiyan , Behzad Eslam Panah

In this work, we study the thermodynamic topology of a static, a charged static and a charged, rotating black hole in $f(R)$ gravity. For charged static black holes, we work in two different ensembles: fixed charge$(q)$ ensemble and fixed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-03 Bidyut Hazarika , Prabwal Phukon
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