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Related papers: Rethinking Theory of Mind Benchmarks for LLMs: Tow…

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In recent years, evaluating the Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities of large language models (LLMs) has received significant attention within the research community. As the field rapidly evolves, navigating the diverse approaches and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Karahan Sarıtaş , Kıvanç Tezören , Yavuz Durmazkeser

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the cognitive capability to perceive and ascribe mental states to oneself and others. Recent research has sparked a debate over whether large language models (LLMs) exhibit a form of ToM. However, existing ToM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zhuang Chen , Jincenzi Wu , Jinfeng Zhou , Bosi Wen , Guanqun Bi , Gongyao Jiang , Yaru Cao , Mengting Hu , Yunghwei Lai , Zexuan Xiong , Minlie Huang

Theory of Mind (ToM)-the ability to reason about the mental states of oneself and others-is a cornerstone of human social intelligence. As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into daily life, understanding their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ruirui Chen , Weifeng Jiang , Chengwei Qin , Cheston Tan

Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities in LLMs have recently become a central object of investigation. Cognitive science distinguishes between two steps required for ToM tasks: 1) determine whether to invoke ToM, which includes the appropriate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Eitan Wagner , Nitay Alon , Joseph M. Barnby , Omri Abend

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming human-computer interaction and conceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) with their impressive capacities for conversing and reasoning in natural language. There is growing interest in whether…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Winnie Street

Improving the Theory of Mind (ToM) capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for effective social interactions between these AI models and humans. However, the existing benchmarks often measure ToM capability improvement through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Nanxu Gong , Zixin Chen , Haotian Li , Zishu Zhao , Jianxun Lian , Huamin Qu , Yanjie Fu , Xing Xie

Theory of Mind (ToM)-the ability to reason about the mental states of oneself and others-is a cornerstone of human social intelligence. As Large Language Models (LLMs) become ubiquitous in real-world applications, validating their capacity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ruirui Chen , Weifeng Jiang , Chengwei Qin , Cheston Tan

Evaluating the theory of mind (ToM) capabilities of language models (LMs) has recently received a great deal of attention. However, many existing benchmarks rely on synthetic data, which risks misaligning the resulting experiments with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Adil Soubki , John Murzaku , Arash Yousefi Jordehi , Peter Zeng , Magdalena Markowska , Seyed Abolghasem Mirroshandel , Owen Rambow

Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked substantial interest and debate concerning their potential emergence of Theory of Mind (ToM) ability. Theory of mind evaluations currently focuses on testing models using machine-generated data or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Chunkit Chan , Cheng Jiayang , Yauwai Yim , Zheye Deng , Wei Fan , Haoran Li , Xin Liu , Hongming Zhang , Weiqi Wang , Yangqiu Song

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to attribute mental states to others, is fundamental for human social intelligence and a critical capability for advanced Artificial Intelligence. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yi-Long Lu , Chunhui Zhang , Jiajun Song , Lifeng Fan , Wei Wang

The question of whether large language models (LLMs) possess Theory of Mind (ToM) -- often defined as the ability to reason about others' mental states -- has sparked significant scientific and public interest. However, the evidence as to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jennifer Hu , Felix Sosa , Tomer Ullman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have developed rapidly and are widely applied to both general-purpose and professional tasks to assist human users. However, they still struggle to comprehend and respond to the true user needs when intentions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Minyuan Ruan , Ziyue Wang , Kaiming Liu , Yunghwei Lai , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Our paper argues that the majority of theory of mind benchmarks are broken because of their inability to directly test how large language models (LLMs) adapt to new partners. This problem stems from the fact that theory of mind benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Matthew Riemer , Zahra Ashktorab , Djallel Bouneffouf , Payel Das , Miao Liu , Justin D. Weisz , Murray Campbell

Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning entails recognizing that other individuals possess their own intentions, emotions, and thoughts, which is vital for guiding one's own thought processes. Although large language models (LLMs) excel in tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Maryam Amirizaniani , Elias Martin , Maryna Sivachenko , Afra Mashhadi , Chirag Shah

The ability to understand and predict the mental states of oneself and others, known as the Theory of Mind (ToM), is crucial for effective social scenarios. Although recent studies have evaluated ToM in Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Fangxu Yu , Lai Jiang , Shenyi Huang , Zhen Wu , Xinyu Dai

Theory of Mind (ToM), the capacity to comprehend the mental states of distinct individuals, is essential for numerous practical applications. With the development of large language models (LLMs), there is a heated debate about whether they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Xiaomeng Ma , Lingyu Gao , Qihui Xu

When researchers claim AI systems possess ToM or mental models, they are fundamentally discussing behavioral predictions and bias corrections rather than genuine mental states. This position paper argues that the current discourse conflates…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Xiaoyun Yin , Elmira Zahmat Doost , Shiwen Zhou , Garima Arya Yadav , Jamie C. Gorman

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to reason about one's own and others' mental states. ToM plays a critical role in the development of intelligence, language understanding, and cognitive processes. While previous work has primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yinghui He , Yufan Wu , Yilin Jia , Rada Mihalcea , Yulong Chen , Naihao Deng

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states to others, the basis of human cognition. At present, there has been growing interest in the AI with cognitive abilities, for example in healthcare and the motoring industry.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Yuanyuan Mao , Shuang Liu , Pengshuai Zhao , Qin Ni , Xin Lin , Liang He

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly participate in human-AI interactions, evaluating their Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities - particularly their ability to track dynamic mental states - becomes crucial. While existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yang Xiao , Jiashuo Wang , Qiancheng Xu , Changhe Song , Chunpu Xu , Yi Cheng , Wenjie Li , Pengfei Liu
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