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The widespread integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various sectors has highlighted the need for empirical research to understand their biases, thought patterns, and societal implications to ensure ethical and effective use.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Manari Hirose , Masato Uchida

Strategic decision-making involves interactive reasoning where agents adapt their choices in response to others, yet existing evaluations of large language models (LLMs) often emphasize Nash Equilibrium (NE) approximation, overlooking the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jingru Jia , Zehua Yuan , Junhao Pan , Paul E. McNamara , Deming Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated judges to evaluate recommendation systems, search engines, and other subjective tasks, where relying on human evaluators can be costly, time-consuming, and unscalable. LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Gerrit J. J. van den Burg , Gen Suzuki , Wei Liu , Murat Sensoy

Exploring the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in puzzle solving unveils critical insights into their potential and challenges in AI, marking a significant step towards understanding their applicability in complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Panagiotis Giadikiaroglou , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Filandrianos , Giorgos Stamou

This paper investigates the strategic decision-making capabilities of three Large Language Models (LLMs): GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and LLaMa-2, within the framework of game theory. Utilizing four canonical two-player games -- Prisoner's Dilemma,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Nunzio Lorè , Babak Heydari

Large language models (LLMs) are entering clinical workflows as decision support tools, yet how they respond to explicit patient value statements -- the core content of shared decision-making -- remains unmeasured. We conducted a factorial…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sanjay Basu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that they can answer questions requiring complex reasoning. However, their ability to identify and respond to text containing logical fallacies or deliberately misleading premises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Zenan Zhai , Hao Li , Xudong Han , Zhenxuan Zhang , Yixuan Zhang , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in mathematical reasoning. However, despite these achievements, current evaluations are mostly limited to specific mathematical topics, and it remains unclear whether LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Arash Gholami Davoodi , Seyed Pouyan Mousavi Davoudi , Pouya Pezeshkpour

Large language models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities have fueled a compelling narrative that reasoning universally improves performance across language tasks. We test this claim through a comprehensive evaluation of 504 configurations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Donghao Huang , Zhaoxia Wang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable performance across diverse domains, yet their decision-making under conflicting objectives remains insufficiently understood. This work investigates how LRMs respond to harmful queries…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Honghao Liu , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Cehao Yang , Shengming Yin , Zhengwu Ma , Lionel Ni , Jian Guo

This study investigates the behaviors of Large Language Models (LLMs) when faced with conflicting prompts versus their internal memory. This will not only help to understand LLMs' decision mechanism but also benefit real-world applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Jiahao Ying , Yixin Cao , Kai Xiong , Yidong He , Long Cui , Yongbin Liu

While large language models (LLMs) excel in mathematical and code reasoning, we observe they struggle with social reasoning tasks, exhibiting cognitive confusion, logical inconsistencies, and conflation between objective world states and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jialu Du , Guiyang Hou , Yihui Fu , Chen Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu

Modeling coordination among generative agents in complex multi-round decision-making presents a core challenge for AI and operations management. Although behavioral experiments have revealed cognitive biases behind supply chain…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiuyun Jiang , Yuecheng Hong , Bo Yang , Jin Yang , Guangxin Jiang , Xiaomeng Guo , Guang Xiao

This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in formulating and solving decision-making problems using mathematical programming. We first conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mohammad J. Abdel-Rahman , Yasmeen Alslman , Dania Refai , Amro Saleh , Malik A. Abu Loha , Mohammad Yahya Hamed

Large language models (LLMs) with extended context windows show promise for complex legal reasoning tasks, yet their ability to understand long legal documents remains insufficiently evaluated. Developing long-context benchmarks that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Li Zhang , Jaromir Savelka , Kevin Ashley

Clinical robustness is critical to the safe deployment of medical Large Language Models (LLMs), but key questions remain about how LLMs and humans may differ in response to the real-world variability typified by clinical settings. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Abinitha Gourabathina , Yuexing Hao , Walter Gerych , Marzyeh Ghassemi

While many-shot ICL achieves remarkable performance, prior studies of its scaling behavior have mainly focused on non-reasoning tasks. In this work, we study many-shot ICL on reasoning tasks, with a particular focus on many-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tsz Ting Chung , Lemao Liu , Mo Yu , Dit-Yan Yeung

Evaluating pragmatic reasoning in large language models (LLMs) remains challenging because model behavior can vary depending on evaluation methods. Previous studies suggest that prompt-based judgments may diverge from models' internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ye-eun Cho

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in social science simulations. While their performance on reasoning and optimization tasks has been extensively evaluated, less attention has been paid to their ability to simulate human…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yuanjun Feng , Vivek Choudhary , Yash Raj Shrestha

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as evaluators of reasoning quality, yet their reliability and bias in payments-risk settings remain poorly understood. We introduce a structured multi-evaluator framework for assessing LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Liang Wang , Junpeng Wang , Chin-chia Michael Yeh , Yan Zheng , Jiarui Sun , Xiran Fan , Xin Dai , Yujie Fan , Yiwei Cai