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One of the central goals of the DARPA Optimization with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (ONISQ) program is to implement a hybrid quantum/classical optimization algorithm with high $N\cdot p$, where $N$ is the number of qubits and $p$ is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Ruslan Shaydulin , Marco Pistoia

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable potential in solving NP-hard combinatorial problems in the contemporary near intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Boy Choy , David J. Wales

The present tutorial aims to provide a comprehensible and easily accessible introduction into the theory and implementation of the famous Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). We lay our focus on practical aspects and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Andreas Sturm

We apply digitized Quantum Annealing (QA) and Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to a paradigmatic task of supervised learning in artificial neural networks: the optimization of synaptic weights for the binary perceptron. At…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Pietro Torta , Glen B. Mbeng , Carlo Baldassi , Riccardo Zecchina , Giuseppe E. Santoro

The recently proposed QAOA-GPT framework demonstrated that generative pre-trained transformers can learn mappings between problem graphs and optimized quantum circuits for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). In this work,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Leanto Sunny , Abhinav Rijal , George Siopsis

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) requires that circuit parameters are determined that allow one to sample from high-quality solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. Such parameters can be obtained using either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-11 David Headley , Frank K. Wilhelm

Variational Quantum Algorithm (VQA) is a hybrid algorithm for noisy quantum devices. However, statistical fluctuations and physical noise degrade the solution quality, so it is difficult to maintain applicability for large-scale problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Hiromichi Matsuyama , Yu Yamashiro

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) requires considered optimization problems to be translated into a compatible format. A popular transformation step in this pipeline involves the quadratization of higher-order binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Damian Rovara , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

MaxCut is a key NP-Hard combinatorial optimization graph problem with extensive theoretical and industrial applications, including the Ising model and chip design. While quantum computing offers new solutions for such combinatorial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Yovav Tene-Cohen , Tomer Kelman , Ohad Lev , Adi Makmal

There is an increasing interest in quantum algorithms for problems of integer programming and combinatorial optimization. Classical solvers for such problems employ relaxations, which replace binary variables with continuous ones, for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Daniel J. Egger , Jakub Marecek , Stefan Woerner

Our work integrates an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) with the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to optimize ansatz parameters in place of traditional gradient-based methods. We benchmark this Evolutionary-QAOA (E-QAOA)…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is designed to run on a gate model quantum computer and has shallow depth. It takes as input a combinatorial optimization problem and outputs a string that satisfies a high fraction of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-22 Edward Farhi , Aram W Harrow

Quantum algorithms have the potential to provide exponential speedups over some of the best known classical algorithms. These speedups may enable quantum devices to solve currently intractable problems such as those in the fields of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-13 Ciarán Ryan-Anderson

Multi-objective optimization is a ubiquitous problem that arises naturally in many scientific and industrial areas. Network routing optimization with multi-objective performance demands falls into this problem class, and finding good…

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and its variants exhibit immense potential in tackling combinatorial optimization challenges. However, their practical realization confronts a dilemma: the requisite circuit depth for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Yang Qian , Xinbiao Wang , Yuxuan Du , Yong Luo , Dacheng Tao

Optimization problems are ubiquitous in various industrial settings, and multi-knapsack optimization is one recurrent task faced daily by several industries. The advent of quantum computing has opened a new paradigm for computationally…

A key open question in quantum computing is whether quantum algorithms can potentially offer a significant advantage over classical algorithms for tasks of practical interest. Understanding the limits of classical computing in simulating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Matija Medvidovic , Giuseppe Carleo

In order to qualify quantum algorithms for industrial NP-Hard problems, comparing them to available polynomial approximate classical algorithms and not only to exact ones -- exponential by nature -- , is necessary. This is a great challenge…

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms (QAOA) have demonstrated a strong potential in addressing graph-based optimization problems. However, the execution of large-scale quantum circuits remains constrained by the limitations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Vicente P. Soloviev , Antonio Márquez Romero , Josh Kirsopp , Michal Krompiec

We study MaxCut on 3-regular graphs of minimum girth $g$ for various $g$'s. We obtain new lower bounds on the maximum cut achievable in such graphs by analyzing the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). For $g \geq 16$, at…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Edward Farhi , Sam Gutmann , Daniel Ranard , Benjamin Villalonga
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