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Improving large language model (LLM) reasoning requires supervision that is both aligned with the model's own test-time states and informative at the token level. Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards provides on-policy exploration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhiquan Tan , Yinrong Hong

We propose Algorithm Distillation (AD), a method for distilling reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms into neural networks by modeling their training histories with a causal sequence model. Algorithm Distillation treats learning to…

Data-centric distillation, including data augmentation, selection, and mixing, offers a promising path to creating smaller, more efficient student Large Language Models (LLMs) that retain strong reasoning abilities. However, there still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ruichen Zhang , Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Zhen Tan , Dawei Li , Song Wang , Tianlong Chen

The recent success of denoising diffusion models has significantly advanced text-to-image generation. While these large-scale pretrained models show excellent performance in general image synthesis, downstream objectives often require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Maorong Wang , Jiafeng Mao , Xueting Wang , Toshihiko Yamasaki

When provided with sufficient explanatory context, smaller Language Models have been shown to exhibit strong reasoning ability on challenging short-answer question-answering tasks where the questions are unseen in training. We evaluate two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Tim Hartill , Diana Benavides-Prado , Michael Witbrock , Patricia J. Riddle

Supervised fine-tuning with expert demonstrations often produces models that imitate outputs without internalizing the reasoning processes needed for robust generalization. While critique-based approaches show promise, training models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Berkcan Kapusuzoglu , Supriyo Chakraborty , Zain Sarwar , Chia-Hsuan Lee , Sambit Sahu

Accurate clinical diagnosis requires extensive domain knowledge and complex clinical reasoning capabilities. Although large language models (LLMs) hold great potential for clinical reasoning, their high computational and memory requirements…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinchun Su , Chunxu Luo , Lipeng Ma , Yixuan Li , Weidong Yang

In instance-level detection tasks (e.g., object detection), reducing input resolution is an easy option to improve runtime efficiency. However, this option traditionally hurts the detection performance much. This paper focuses on boosting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Lu Qi , Jason Kuen , Jiuxiang Gu , Zhe Lin , Yi Wang , Yukang Chen , Yanwei Li , Jiaya Jia

Reasoning distillation aims to transfer multi-step reasoning capabilities from large language models to smaller, more efficient ones. While recent methods have shown promising gains, they typically rely on static teacher-student hierarchies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Khouloud Saadi , Di Wang

We study whether lightweight symbolic reasoning supervision can improve fix type classification in compact automated program repair models. Small code models are attractive for resource-constrained settings, but they typically produce only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Aanand Balasubramanian , Sashank Silwal

An ideal dialogue system requires continuous skill acquisition and adaptation to new tasks while retaining prior knowledge. Dialogue State Tracking (DST), vital in these systems, often involves learning new services and confronting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yujie Feng , Bo Liu , Xiaoyu Dong , Zexin Lu , Li-Ming Zhan , Albert Y. S. Lam , Xiao-Ming Wu

R1-style Reinforcement Learning (RL) significantly enhances Large Language Models' reasoning capabilities, yet the mechanism behind rule-based RL remains unclear. We found that small-scale SFT has substantial influence on RL but shows poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yutong Chen , Jiandong Gao , Ji Wu

To enhance reasoning capabilities, previous works have explored incorporating special-purpose tokens into the training process. These strategies strengthen the learning mechanism of transformer-based large language models (LLMs). Building…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Eunki Kim , Sangryul Kim , James Thorne

Reasoning is increasingly crucial for various tasks. While chain-of-thought prompting enables large language models to leverage reasoning effectively, harnessing the reasoning capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Guande Wu , Huan Song , Yawei Wang , Qiaojing Yan , Yijun Tian , Lin Lee Cheong , Panpan Xu

Intrinsic motivation, inspired by the psychology of developmental learning in infants, stimulates exploration in agents without relying solely on sparse external rewards. Existing methods in reinforcement learning like Random Network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Mohammadamin Davoodabadi , Negin Hashemi Dijujin , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Retrieval-augmented language models (RALMs) improve performance by accessing long-tail and up-to-date knowledge from external data stores, but are challenging to build. Existing approaches require either expensive retrieval-specific…

Enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to continuously improve from environmental interactions is a central challenge in post-training. While on-policy self-distillation offers a promising paradigm, existing methods predominantly treat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuwei Zhang , Sha Li , Changlong Yu , Qin Lu , Shuowei Jin , Chengyu Dong , Haoran Liu , Ilgee Hong , Xintong Li , Zhenyu Shi , Bing Yin , Jingbo Shang

Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, where a LLM makes predictions for a given test input together with a few input-output pairs (demonstrations). Nevertheless, the inclusion of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Yichuan Li , Xiyao Ma , Sixing Lu , Kyumin Lee , Xiaohu Liu , Chenlei Guo

In-context learning enables language models (LM) to adapt to downstream data or tasks by incorporating few samples as demonstrations within the prompts. It offers strong performance without the expense of fine-tuning. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

Previous Knowledge Distillation based efficient image retrieval methods employs a lightweight network as the student model for fast inference. However, the lightweight student model lacks adequate representation capacity for effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Yi Xie , Huaidong Zhang , Xuemiao Xu , Jianqing Zhu , Shengfeng He