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The long speech sequence has been troubling language models (LM) based TTS approaches in terms of modeling complexity and efficiency. This work proposes SoCodec, a semantic-ordered multi-stream speech codec, to address this issue. It…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Kun Xie , Dongchao Yang , Dake Guo , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Discrete audio representations are gaining traction in speech modeling due to their interpretability and compatibility with large language models, but are not always optimized for noisy or real-world environments. Building on existing works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Shreyas Gopal , Ashutosh Anshul , Haoyang Li , Yue Heng Yeo , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng

In this paper, we propose MDCTCodec, an efficient lightweight end-to-end neural audio codec based on the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT). The encoder takes the MDCT spectrum of audio as input, encoding it into a continuous latent…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Rui-Chen Zheng , Hui-Peng Du , Ye-Xin Lu , Zhen-Hua Ling

In this paper, we show that a simple self-supervised pre-trained audio model can achieve comparable inference efficiency to more complicated pre-trained models with speech transformer encoders. These speech transformers rely on mixing…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Sungho Jeon , Ching-Feng Yeh , Hakan Inan , Wei-Ning Hsu , Rashi Rungta , Yashar Mehdad , Daniel Bikel

In audio processing applications, the generation of expressive sounds based on high-level representations demonstrates a high demand. These representations can be used to manipulate the timbre and influence the synthesis of creative…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Anastasia Natsiou , Luca Longo , Sean O'Leary

Universal audio codecs learn entangled representations across audio types, whereas some specific codecs offer decoupled representations but are limited to speech. Real-world audio, however, often contains mixed speech and background sounds,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Xiaoxue Luo , Jinwei Huang , Runyan Yang , Yingying Gao , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Shilei Zhang

Tokenization is a crucial step in information retrieval, especially for lexical matching algorithms, where the quality of indexable tokens directly impacts the effectiveness of a retrieval system. Since different languages have unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Odunayo Ogundepo , Xinyu Zhang , Jimmy Lin

We present TokenSplit, a speech separation model that acts on discrete token sequences. The model is trained on multiple tasks simultaneously: separate and transcribe each speech source, and generate speech from text. The model operates on…

Extending pre-trained text Large Language Models (LLMs)'s speech understanding or generation abilities by introducing various effective speech tokens has attracted great attention in the speech community. However, building a unified speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuanyuan Wang , Dongchao Yang , Yiwen Shao , Hangting Chen , Jiankun Zhao , Zhiyong Wu , Helen Meng , Xixin Wu

In low-bitrate speech coding, end-to-end speech coding networks aim to learn compact yet expressive features and a powerful decoder in a single network. A challenging problem as such results in unwelcome complexity increase and inferior…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-16 Haici Yang , Inseon Jang , Minje Kim

Recent progress in scaling up large language models has shown impressive capabilities in performing few-shot learning across a wide range of text-based tasks. However, a key limitation is that these language models fundamentally lack visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Hao Liu , Wilson Yan , Pieter Abbeel

Children speech recognition is indispensable but challenging due to the diversity of children's speech. In this paper, we propose a filter-based discriminative autoencoder for acoustic modeling. To filter out the influence of various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Chiang-Lin Tai , Hung-Shin Lee , Yu Tsao , Hsin-Min Wang

Tokenization is a foundational step in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, bridging raw text and language models. Existing tokenization approaches like Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) originate from the field of data compression, and it has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Craig W. Schmidt , Varshini Reddy , Haoran Zhang , Alec Alameddine , Omri Uzan , Yuval Pinter , Chris Tanner

Audio-LLM introduces audio modality into a large language model (LLM) to enable a powerful LLM to recognize, understand, and generate audio. However, during speech recognition in noisy environments, we observed the presence of illusions and…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yangze Li , Xiong Wang , Songjun Cao , Yike Zhang , Long Ma , Lei Xie

Omnimodal large language models (OmniLLMs) have attracted increasing research attention of late towards unified audio-video understanding. However, the high computational cost of processing longer joint audio-video token sequences has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Keda Tao , Kele Shao , Bohan Yu , Weiqiang Wang , Jian liu , Huan Wang

Automated audio captioning aims to use natural language to describe the content of audio data. This paper presents an audio captioning system with an encoder-decoder architecture, where the decoder predicts words based on audio features…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-06 Xinhao Mei , Qiushi Huang , Xubo Liu , Gengyun Chen , Jingqian Wu , Yusong Wu , Jinzheng Zhao , Shengchen Li , Tom Ko , H Lilian Tang , Xi Shao , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang

Many existing audio processing and generation models rely on task-specific architectures, resulting in fragmented development efforts and limited extensibility. It is therefore promising to design a unified framework capable of handling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-24 Chengwei Liu , Haoyin Yan , Shaofei Xue , Xiaotao Liang , Xiaofu Chen , Bin Gong , Zheng Xue , Gang Song

Drawing inspiration from the hierarchical processing of the human auditory system, which transforms sound from low-level acoustic features to high-level semantic understanding, we introduce a novel coarse-to-fine audio reconstruction…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Che Liu , Changde Du , Xiaoyu Chen , Huiguang He

Recent techniques such as retrieval-augmented generation or chain-of-thought reasoning have led to longer contexts and increased inference costs. Context compression techniques can reduce these costs, but the most effective approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hippolyte Pilchen , Edouard Grave , Patrick Pérez

The advent of neural audio codecs has increased in popularity due to their potential for efficiently modeling audio with transformers. Such advanced codecs represent audio from a highly continuous waveform to low-sampled discrete units. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Samir Sadok , Julien Hauret , Éric Bavu