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Optimizing inference for long-context large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important due to the quadratic compute and linear memory cost of Transformers. Existing approximate inference methods, including key-value (KV) cache…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kevin Galim , Ethan Ewer , Wonjun Kang , Minjae Lee , Hyung Il Koo , Kangwook Lee

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advancements across various tasks, such as question answering, translation, text summarization, and dialogue systems, the need for accuracy in information becomes crucial, especially for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Yao Zhao , Zhitian Xie , Chen Liang , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu

Language-aligned vision foundation models (VFMs) enable versatile visual understanding for always-on contextual AI, but their deployment on edge devices is hindered by strict latency and power constraints. We present AdaVFM, an adaptive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yiwei Zhao , Yi Zheng , Huapeng Su , Jieyu Lin , Stefano Ambrogio , Cijo Jose , Michael Ramamonjisoa , Patrick Labatut , Barbara De Salvo , Chiao Liu , Phillip B. Gibbons , Ziyun Li

Long-context language models (LCLMs) have the potential to revolutionize our approach to tasks traditionally reliant on external tools like retrieval systems or databases. Leveraging LCLMs' ability to natively ingest and process entire…

Large language model (LLM) inference serving systems are essential to various LLM-based applications. As demand for LLM services continues to grow, scaling these systems to handle high request rates while meeting latency Service-Level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Shihong Gao , Xin Zhang , Yanyan Shen , Lei Chen

With the growing demand for long-context LLMs across a wide range of applications, the key-value (KV) cache has become a critical bottleneck for both latency and memory usage. Recently, KV-cache offloading has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Andrey Bocharnikov , Ivan Ermakov , Denis Kuznedelev , Vyacheslav Zhdanovskiy , Yegor Yershov

Scaling the input context length of a large language model (LLM) incurs a significant increase in computation cost and memory footprint to maintain the attention key-value (KV) cache. Existing KV cache compression methods suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yuxiang Huang , Binhang Yuan , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Zhiyuan Liu

Large language models (LLMs) rely on key-value cache (KV cache) to accelerate decoding by reducing redundant computations. However, the KV cache memory usage grows substantially with longer text sequences, posing challenges for efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yixuan Wang , Shiyu Ji , Yijun Liu , Yuzhuang Xu , Yang Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Scaling inference for large language models (LLMs) is increasingly constrained by limited GPU memory, especially due to growing key-value (KV) caches required for long-context generation. While existing approaches offload KV caches to CPU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Weishu Deng , Yujie Yang , Peiran Du , Lingfeng Xiang , Zhen Lin , Chen Zhong , Song Jiang , Hui Lu , Jia Rao

Large Language Model (LLM)-based search agents have shown remarkable capabilities in solving complex tasks by dynamically decomposing problems and addressing them through interleaved reasoning and retrieval. However, this interleaved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tiannuo Yang , Zebin Yao , Bowen Jin , Lixiao Cui , Yusen Li , Gang Wang , Xiaoguang Liu

Attention is the dominant source of latency during long-context LLM inference, an increasingly popular workload with reasoning models and RAG. We propose Kascade, a training-free sparse attention method that leverages known observations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Dhruv Deshmukh , Saurabh Goyal , Nipun Kwatra , Ramachandran Ramjee

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for long-content generation (e.g., long Chain-of-Thought reasoning) where decoding efficiency becomes a critical bottleneck: Autoregressive decoding is inherently limited by its sequential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhepei Wei , Wei-Lin Chen , Xinyu Zhu , Yu Meng

Large Language Models (LLMs) herald a transformative era in artificial intelligence (AI). However, the expansive scale of data and parameters of LLMs requires high-demand computational and memory resources, restricting their accessibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shengwen Ding , Chenhui Hu

In this paper, we introduce LiveMind, a novel low-latency inference framework for large language model (LLM) inference which enables LLMs to perform inferences with incomplete user input. By reallocating computational processes to the input…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chuangtao Chen , Grace Li Zhang , Xunzhao Yin , Cheng Zhuo , Ulf Schlichtmann , Bing Li

In this study, we investigate whether attention-based information flow inside large language models (LLMs) is aggregated through noticeable patterns for long context processing. Our observations reveal that LLMs aggregate information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Zefan Cai , Yichi Zhang , Bofei Gao , Yuliang Liu , Yucheng Li , Tianyu Liu , Keming Lu , Wayne Xiong , Yue Dong , Junjie Hu , Wen Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made extraordinary progress in the field of Artificial Intelligence and have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a large variety of tasks and domains. However, as we venture closer to creating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Brandon Kynoch , Hugo Latapie , Dwane van der Sluis

The escalating context length in Large Language Models (LLMs) creates a severe performance bottleneck around the Key-Value (KV) cache, whose memory-bound nature leads to significant GPU under-utilization. This paper introduces Mixture of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Myunghyun Rhee , Sookyung Choi , Euiseok Kim , Joonseop Sim , Youngpyo Joo , Hoshik Kim

Agentic workflows are composed of sequences of interdependent Large Language Model (LLM) calls, and they have become a dominant workload in modern AI systems. These workflows exhibit extensive redundancy from overlapping prompts and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Noppanat Wadlom , Junyi Shen , Yao Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become the new foundation for many applications, reshaping human society like a storm. Disaggregated inference, which separates prefill and decode stages, is a promising approach to improving hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Shiyang Chen , Rain Jiang , Dezhi Yu , Jinlai Xu , Mengyuan Chao , Fanlong Meng , Chenyu Jiang , Wei Xu , Hang Liu

The increasing size of the Key-Value (KV) cache during the Large Language Models long-context inference is the main obstacle for its balance between the deployment cost and task accuracy. To reduce the KV cache size in such scenarios, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Manlai Liang , JiaMing Zhang , Xiong Li , Jinlong Li