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We examine the use of classes to formulate several categorical notions. This leads to two proposals: an explicit structure for working with subobjects, and a hierarchy of $k$-classes. We apply the latter to both ordinary and higher…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-27 Paul Blain Levy

Free monads (and their variants) have become a popular general-purpose tool for representing the semantics of effectful programs in proof assistants. These data structures support the compositional definition of semantics parameterized by…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Yao Li , Stephanie Weirich

We introduce the normal produoidal category of monoidal contexts over an arbitrary monoidal category. In the same sense that a monoidal morphism represents a process, a monoidal context represents an incomplete process: a piece of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Matt Earnshaw , James Hefford , Mario Román

A 2-group is a "categorified" version of a group, in which the underlying set G has been replaced by a category and the multiplication map has been replaced by a functor. Various versions of this notion have already been explored; our goal…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 John C. Baez , Aaron D. Lauda

We present module theory and linear maps as a powerful generalised and computationally efficient framework for the relational data model, which underpins today's relational database systems. Based on universal constructions of modules we…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Fritz Henglein , Robin Kaarsgaard , Mikkel Kragh Mathiesen

We present a categorical framework for relating causal models that represent the same system at different levels of abstraction. We define a causal abstraction as natural transformations between appropriate Markov functors, which concisely…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-07 Markus Englberger , Devendra Singh Dhami

Many formal languages of contemporary mathematical music theory -- particularly those employing category theory -- are powerful but cumbersome: ideas that are conceptually simple frequently require expression through elaborate categorical…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-05 Drew Flieder

We introduce categories of weak factorization algebras and factorization spaces, and prove that they are equivalent to the categories of ordinary factorization algebras and spaces, respectively. This allows us to define the pullback of a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-11-06 Emily Cliff

Type-and-effect systems help the programmer to organize data and computational effects in a program. While for traditional type systems expressive variants with sophisticated inference algorithms have been developed and widely used in…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Patrycja Balik , Szymon Jędras , Piotr Polesiuk

We introduce "synchronous algebras", an algebraic structure tailored to recognize automatic relations (aka. synchronous relations, or regular relations). They are the equivalent of monoids for regular languages, however they conceptually…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Rémi Morvan

In this paper, we introduce a new category of simplicial effects that extends the categories of effect algebras and their multi-object counterpart, effect algebroids. Our approach is based on relaxing the associativity condition satisfied…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-11 Cihan Okay , Victor Castillo , Walker H. Stern

This paper introduces a categorification of $k$-algebras called 2 -algebras, where k is a commutative ring. We define the 2-algebras as a 2-category with single object in which collections of all 1-morphisms and all 2-morphisms are…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-21 İbrahim İlker Akça , Ummahan Ege Arslan

Clones of functions play a foundational role in both universal algebra and theoretical computer science. In this work, we introduce clone merge monoids (cm-monoids), a unifying one-sorted algebraic framework that integrates abstract clones,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Antonio Bucciarelli , Pierre-Louis Curien , Antonino Salibra

From every pair of adjoint functors it is possible to produce a (possibly trivial) equivalence of categories by restricting to the subcategories where the unit and counit are isomorphisms. If we do this for the adjunction between effect…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Robert Furber

We introduce a notion of complexity of diagrams (and in particular of objects and morphisms) in an arbitrary category, as well as a notion of complexity of functors between categories equipped with complexity functions. We discuss several…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-01 Saugata Basu , M. Umut Isik

Graded monads refine traditional monads using effect annotations in order to describe quantitatively the computational effects that a program can generate. They have been successfully applied to a variety of formal systems for reasoning…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Satoshi Kura , Marco Gaboardi , Taro Sekiyama , Hiroshi Unno

This article serves as a preliminary introduction to the design of a new, open-source applied and computational category theory framework, named Categorica, built on top of the Wolfram Language. Categorica allows one to configure and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-26 Jonathan Gorard

Free categorical constructions characterise quantum computing as the combination of two copies of a reversible classical model, glued by the complementarity equations of classical structures. This recipe effectively constructs a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jacques Carette , Chris Heunen , Robin Kaarsgaard , Amr Sabry

We develop the Morita theory of fusion 2-categories. In order to do so, we begin by proving that the relative tensor product of modules over a separable algebra in a fusion 2-category exists. We use this result to construct the Morita…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-06 Thibault D. Décoppet

This paper introduces the concept of distorted monoidal categories, a generalization of monoidal and braided monoidal categories that supports non-reversible and direction-sensitive tensor structures. Unlike the classical setting, where the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Joaquim Reizi Higuchi