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Machine learning models play a vital role in making predictions and deriving insights from data and are being increasingly used for causal inference. To preserve user privacy, it is important to enable the model to forget some of its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Vikas Ramachandra , Mohit Sethi

Large language models (LLMs) should undergo rigorous audits to identify potential risks, such as copyright and privacy infringements. Once these risks emerge, timely updates are crucial to remove undesirable responses, ensuring legal and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Qizhou Wang , Jin Peng Zhou , Zhanke Zhou , Saebyeol Shin , Bo Han , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Despite advancements, fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) remains costly due to the extensive parameter count and substantial data requirements for model generalization. Accessibility to computing resources remains a barrier for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Ayrton San Joaquin , Bin Wang , Zhengyuan Liu , Nicholas Asher , Brian Lim , Philippe Muller , Nancy F. Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) often memorize sensitive or harmful information, necessitating effective machine unlearning techniques. While existing parameter-efficient unlearning methods have shown promise, they still struggle with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zeguan Xiao , Lang Mo , Yun Chen , Lei Yang , Jiehui Zhao , Lili Yang , Guanhua Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping unsupervised learning by offering an unprecedented ability to perform text clustering based on their deep semantic understanding. However, their direct application is fundamentally limited by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuanjie Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Ke Xu , Weizhi Zhang , Zihe Song , Jindong Wang , Philip S. Yu

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks, growing concerns have emerged over the misuse of sensitive, copyrighted, or harmful data during training. To address these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jie Ren , Zhenwei Dai , Xianfeng Tang , Yue Xing , Shenglai Zeng , Hui Liu , Jingying Zeng , Qiankun Peng , Samarth Varshney , Suhang Wang , Qi He , Charu C. Aggarwal , Hui Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. However, LLMs may rely on dataset biases as shortcuts for prediction, which can significantly impair their robustness and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yu Yuan , Lili Zhao , Kai Zhang , Guangting Zheng , Qi Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) extend foundation models to real-world applications by integrating inputs such as text and vision. However, their broad knowledge capacity raises growing concerns about privacy leakage, toxicity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Kunhao Li , Wenhao Li , Di Wu , Lei Yang , Jun Bai , Ju Jia , Jason Xue

Machine unlearning is a promising approach to mitigate undesirable memorization of training data in ML models. However, in this work we show that existing approaches for unlearning in LLMs are surprisingly susceptible to a simple set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shengyuan Hu , Yiwei Fu , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Virginia Smith

The past a few years have witnessed the great success of large language models, demonstrating powerful capabilities in comprehending textual data and generating human-like languages. Large language models achieve success by being trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Estrid He , Tabinda Sarwar , Ibrahim Khalil , Xun Yi , Ke Wang

Large language models (LLMs) often appear to excel on public benchmarks, but these high scores may mask an overreliance on dataset-specific surface cues rather than true language understanding. We introduce the Chameleon Benchmark Overfit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Nurit Cohen-Inger , Yehonatan Elisha , Bracha Shapira , Lior Rokach , Seffi Cohen

The significant advancements in large language models (LLMs) give rise to a promising research direction, i.e., leveraging LLMs as recommenders (LLMRec). The efficacy of LLMRec arises from the open-world knowledge and reasoning capabilities…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Hangyu Wang , Jianghao Lin , Bo Chen , Yang Yang , Ruiming Tang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Recent work has demonstrated that machine unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) fails to generalize across languages: knowledge erased in one language frequently remains accessible through others. However, the underlying cause of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Taoran Li , Varun Chandrasekaran , Zhiyuan Yu

Large language models trained on web-scale corpora can memorize undesirable data containing misinformation, copyrighted material, or private or sensitive information. Recently, several machine unlearning algorithms have been proposed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Keivan Rezaei , Khyathi Chandu , Soheil Feizi , Yejin Choi , Faeze Brahman , Abhilasha Ravichander

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on extensive corpora inevitably retain sensitive data, such as personal privacy information and copyrighted material. Recent advancements in knowledge unlearning involve updating LLM parameters to erase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bozhong Tian , Xiaozhuan Liang , Siyuan Cheng , Qingbin Liu , Mengru Wang , Dianbo Sui , Xi Chen , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

LLM unlearning is essential for mitigating safety, copyright, and privacy concerns in pre-trained large language models (LLMs). Compared to preference alignment, it offers a more explicit way by removing undesirable knowledge characterized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Junfeng Liao , Qizhou Wang , Shanshan Ye , Xin Yu , Ling Chen , Zhen Fang

Training machine learning models requires the storage of large datasets, which often contain sensitive or private data. Storing data is associated with a number of potential risks which increase over time, such as database breaches and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Aviraj Newatia , Michael Cooper , Viet Nguyen , Rahul G. Krishnan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, raising concerns about privacy, security and the need to remove undesirable knowledge. Machine Unlearning has emerged as a promising solution, yet faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yisheng Zhong , Zhengbang Yang , Zhuangdi Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer extensive knowledge across various domains, but they may inadvertently memorize sensitive, unauthorized, or malicious data, such as personal information in the medical and financial sectors. Machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 YuXuan Wu , Bonaventure F. P. Dossou , Dianbo Liu

Machine unlearning offers a promising solution to privacy and safety concerns in large language models (LLMs) by selectively removing targeted knowledge while preserving utility. However, current methods are highly sensitive to downstream…

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