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The hallucination issue is recognized as a fundamental deficiency of large language models (LLMs), especially when applied to fields such as finance, education, and law. Despite the growing concerns, there has been a lack of empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haoqiang Kang , Xiao-Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in language comprehension and generation but are prone to hallucinations, producing factually incorrect or unsupported outputs. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems address this issue by grounding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Chandana Sree Mala , Gizem Gezici , Fosca Giannotti

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their increasing use in medical question-answering necessitate rigorous evaluation of their reliability. A critical challenge lies in hallucination, where models generate plausible yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Shrey Pandit , Jiawei Xu , Junyuan Hong , Zhangyang Wang , Tianlong Chen , Kaidi Xu , Ying Ding

Hallucinations of vision-language models (VLMs), which are misalignments between visual content and generated text, undermine the reliability of VLMs. One common approach for detecting them employs the same VLM, or a different one, to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ofir Azachi , Kfir Eliyahu , Eyal El Ani , Rom Himelstein , Roi Reichart , Yuval Pinter , Nitay Calderon

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown impressive capabilities in multi-step reasoning tasks. However, alongside these successes, a more deceptive form of model error has emerged--Reasoning Hallucination--where logically coherent but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhongxiang Sun , Qipeng Wang , Haoyu Wang , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu

Recent progress in generative AI, including large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, has opened up significant opportunities in fields ranging from natural language processing to knowledge discovery and data mining. However, there is also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Navapat Nananukul , Mayank Kejriwal

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) have recently become a significant problem. A recent effort in this direction is a shared task at Semeval 2024 Task 6, SHROOM, a Shared-task on Hallucinations and Related Observable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Rahul Mehta , Andrew Hoblitzell , Jack O'Keefe , Hyeju Jang , Vasudeva Varma

A frequently observed problem with LLMs is their tendency to generate output that is nonsensical, illogical, or factually incorrect, often referred to broadly as hallucination. Building on the recently proposed HalluciGen task for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Evangelia Gogoulou , Shorouq Zahra , Liane Guillou , Luise Dürlich , Joakim Nivre

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly important in natural language processing, enabling advanced data analytics through natural language queries. However, these models often generate "hallucinations"-inaccurate or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mikhail Rumiantsau , Aliaksei Vertsel , Ilya Hrytsuk , Isaiah Ballah

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in extending the success of large language models (LLMs) from texts to molecules. Most existing approaches adopt a graph neural network to represent a molecule as a series of node tokens for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yongqiang Chen , Quanming Yao , Juzheng Zhang , James Cheng , Yatao Bian

Despite the groundbreaking advancements made by large language models (LLMs), hallucination remains a critical bottleneck for their deployment in high-stakes domains. Existing classification-based methods mainly rely on static and passive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Linggang Kong , Lei Wu , Yunlong Zhang , Xiaofeng Zhong , Zhen Wang , Yongjie Wang , Yao Pan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for generative and knowledge-intensive tasks including question-answering (QA) tasks. However, the practical deployment still faces challenges, notably the issue of "hallucination", where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Ziwei Ji , Tiezheng Yu , Yan Xu , Nayeon Lee , Etsuko Ishii , Pascale Fung

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in sensitive domains such as medicine and law, hallucination detection has become a critical task. Although numerous benchmarks have been proposed to advance research in this area,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yujie Ren , Niklas Gruhlke , Anne Lauscher

Despite their impressive generative capabilities, LLMs are hindered by fact-conflicting hallucinations in real-world applications. The accurate identification of hallucinations in texts generated by LLMs, especially in complex inferential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xiang Chen , Duanzheng Song , Honghao Gui , Chenxi Wang , Ningyu Zhang , Yong Jiang , Fei Huang , Chengfei Lv , Dan Zhang , Huajun Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are increasingly deployed in industry applications, yet their reliability remains hampered by challenges in detecting hallucinations. While supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Julia Belikova , Konstantin Polev , Rauf Parchiev , Dmitry Simakov

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful linguistic engines but remain susceptible to hallucinations: plausible-sounding outputs that are factually incorrect or unsupported. In this work, we present a mathematically grounded framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Moses Kiprono

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in multimodal tasks, yet their reliability is persistently undermined by hallucinations-generating text that contradicts visual input. Recent studies often attribute…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yangneng Chen , Junlin Li , Weijun Yao , Xilai Ma , Guodong Du , Wenya Wang , Jing Li

Diffusion large language models (D-LLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to auto-regressive models due to their iterative refinement capabilities. However, hallucinations remain a critical issue that hinders their reliability. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yanyu Qian , Yue Tan , Yixin Liu , Wang Yu , Shirui Pan

Hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a critical barrier to their reliable deployment, a vulnerability heavily exacerbated in non-English and resource-constrained contexts. Existing detection approaches that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Riasad Alvi , Nurul Labib Sayeedi , Md. Faiyaz Abdullah Sayeedi

Uncertainty estimation is a necessary component when implementing AI in high-risk settings, such as autonomous cars, medicine, or insurances. Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen a surge in popularity in recent years, but they are subject…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Gabriel Y. Arteaga , Thomas B. Schön , Nicolas Pielawski
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