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Flexible user controls are desirable for content creation and image editing. A semantic map is commonly used intermediate representation for conditional image generation. Compared to the operation on raw RGB pixels, the semantic map enables…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Yen-Chi Cheng , Hsin-Ying Lee , Min Sun , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Extracting class activation maps (CAM) is a key step for weakly-supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS). The CAM of convolution neural networks fails to capture long-range feature dependency on the image and result in the coverage on only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Jianqiang Huang , Jian Wang , Qianru Sun , Hanwang Zhang

We present a conceptually simple self-supervised method for saliency detection. Our method generates and uses pseudo-ground truth labels for training. The generated pseudo-GT labels don't require any kind of human annotations (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Rajeev Yasarla , Renliang Weng , Wongun Choi , Vishal Patel , Amir Sadeghian

Most of the saliency methods are evaluated on their ability to generate saliency maps, and not on their functionality in a complete vision pipeline, like for instance, image classification. In the current paper, we propose an approach which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Carola Figueroa-Flores , Bogdan Raducanu , David Berga , Joost van de Weijer

The objective of this paper is to assess the quality of explanation heatmaps for image classification tasks. To assess the quality of explainability methods, we approach the task through the lens of accuracy and stability. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Lassi Raatikainen , Esa Rahtu

Saliency methods are a popular class of feature attribution explanation methods that aim to capture a model's predictive reasoning by identifying "important" pixels in an input image. However, the development and adoption of these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Joon Sik Kim , Gregory Plumb , Ameet Talwalkar

Saliency maps have become one of the most widely used interpretability techniques for convolutional neural networks (CNN) due to their simplicity and the quality of the insights they provide. However, there are still some doubts about…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Oscar Llorente , Jaime Boal , Eugenio F. Sánchez-Úbeda

Post-hoc explanation methods, e.g., Grad-CAM, enable humans to inspect the spatial regions responsible for a particular network decision. However, it is shown that such explanations are not always consistent with human priors, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Vipin Pillai , Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani , Ashley Ouligian , Dennis Fong , Hamed Pirsiavash

Sentiment analysis, a popular technique for opinion mining, has been used by the software engineering research community for tasks such as assessing app reviews, developer emotions in issue trackers and developer opinions on APIs. Past…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Achyudh Ram , Meiyappan Nagappan

We propose an online visual tracking algorithm by learning discriminative saliency map using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Given a CNN pre-trained on a large-scale image repository in offline, our algorithm takes outputs from hidden…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-02-25 Seunghoon Hong , Tackgeun You , Suha Kwak , Bohyung Han

In recent years, weakly supervised models have aided in mass detection using mammography images, decreasing the need for pixel-level annotations. However, most existing models in the literature rely on Class Activation Maps (CAM) as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Vicente Sampaio , Filipe R. Cordeiro

Recent advances in conditional image generation from diffusion models have shown great potential in achieving impressive image quality while preserving the constraints introduced by the user. In particular, ControlNet enables precise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Hannah Kniesel , Pedro Hermosilla , Timo Ropinski

Heatmaps generated on inputs of image classification networks via explainable AI methods like Grad-CAM and LRP have been observed to resemble segmentations of input images in many cases. Consequently, heatmaps have also been leveraged for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Xiaoyan Yu , Jannik Franzen , Wojciech Samek , Marina M. -C. Höhne , Dagmar Kainmueller

Saliency maps are a popular approach to creating post-hoc explanations of image classifier outputs. These methods produce estimates of the relevance of each pixel to the classification output score, which can be displayed as a saliency map…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Richard Tomsett , Dan Harborne , Supriyo Chakraborty , Prudhvi Gurram , Alun Preece

Existing weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) methods usually utilize the results of pre-trained saliency detection (SD) models without explicitly modeling the connections between the two tasks, which is not the most efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Yu Zeng , Yunzhi Zhuge , Huchuan Lu , Lihe Zhang

The increased availability and accuracy of eye-gaze tracking technology has sparked attention-related research in psychology, neuroscience, and, more recently, computer vision and artificial intelligence. The attention mechanism in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-16 Hongzhi Zhu , Septimiu Salcudean , Robert Rohling

Designing face recognition systems that are capable of matching face images obtained in the thermal spectrum with those obtained in the visible spectrum is a challenging problem. In this work, we propose the use of semantic-guided…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Cunjian Chen , Arun Ross

Transformer-based language models significantly advanced the state-of-the-art in many linguistic tasks. As this revolution continues, the ability to explain model predictions has become a major area of interest for the NLP community. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Oren Barkan , Edan Hauon , Avi Caciularu , Ori Katz , Itzik Malkiel , Omri Armstrong , Noam Koenigstein

Evaluating, explaining, and visualizing high-level concepts in generative models, such as variational autoencoders (VAEs), is challenging in part due to a lack of known prediction classes that are required to generate saliency maps in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Lennart Brocki , Neo Christopher Chung

Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) is a Bayesian framework for inferring on hidden (latent) neuronal states, based on measurements of brain activity. Since its introduction in 2003 for functional magnetic resonance imaging data, DCM has been…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-08 Inês Pereira , Stefan Frässle , Jakob Heinzle , Dario Schöbi , Cao Tri Do , Moritz Gruber , Klaas E. Stephan