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When task-specific labels are not available, it becomes difficult to select an embedding model for a specific target corpus. Existing labelless measures based on kernel estimators or Gaussian mixes fail in high-dimensional space, resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jingzhou Jiang , Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang , Kar Yan Tam

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been increasingly integrated into object navigation tasks for their rich prior knowledge and strong reasoning abilities. However, applying VLMs to navigation poses two key challenges: effectively…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Haokun Zhu , Zongtai Li , Zhixuan Liu , Wenshan Wang , Ji Zhang , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

Multi-label image recognition is a fundamental task in computer vision. Recently, vision-language models have made notable advancements in this area. However, previous methods often failed to effectively leverage the rich knowledge within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Hao Tan , Zichang Tan , Jun Li , Jun Wan , Zhen Lei

Vision-language models, while effective in general domains and showing strong performance in diverse multi-modal applications like visual question-answering (VQA), struggle to maintain the same level of effectiveness in more specialized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Cuong Nhat Ha , Shima Asaadi , Sanjeev Kumar Karn , Oladimeji Farri , Tobias Heimann , Thomas Runkler

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly reshaped the trajectory of the AI revolution. Nevertheless, these LLMs exhibit a notable limitation, as they are primarily adept at processing textual information. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Akash Ghosh , Arkadeep Acharya , Sriparna Saha , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Audio-visual large language models (LLM) have drawn significant attention, yet the fine-grained combination of both input streams is rather under-explored, which is challenging but necessary for LLMs to understand general video inputs. To…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Guangzhi Sun , Wenyi Yu , Changli Tang , Xianzhao Chen , Tian Tan , Wei Li , Lu Lu , Zejun Ma , Chao Zhang

With the flourishing of social media platforms, vision-language pre-training (VLP) recently has received great attention and many remarkable progresses have been achieved. The success of VLP largely benefits from the information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Zhiyuan Ma , Jianjun Li , Guohui Li , Kaiyan Huang

In the field of multi-modal language models, the majority of methods are built on an architecture similar to LLaVA. These models use a single-layer ViT feature as a visual prompt, directly feeding it into the language models alongside…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Kaibing Chen , Dong Shen , Hanwen Zhong , Huasong Zhong , Kui Xia , Di Xu , Wei Yuan , Yifei Hu , Bin Wen , Tianke Zhang , Changyi Liu , Dewen Fan , Huihui Xiao , Jiahong Wu , Fan Yang , Size Li , Di Zhang

Situational awareness applications rely heavily on real-time processing of visual and textual data to provide actionable insights. Vision language models (VLMs) have become essential tools for interpreting complex environments by connecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Md Azim Khan , Aryya Gangopadhyay , Jianwu Wang , Robert F. Erbacher

Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) aims to learn multi-modal representations from image-text pairs and serves for downstream vision-language tasks in a fine-tuning fashion. The dominant VLP models adopt a CNN-Transformer architecture, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Hongwei Xue , Yupan Huang , Bei Liu , Houwen Peng , Jianlong Fu , Houqiang Li , Jiebo Luo

Providing timely and personalized guidance for students' programming assignments, offers significant practical value for helping students complete assignments and enhance their learning. In recent years, various automated Fault Localization…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Fang Liu , Tianze Wang , Li Zhang , Zheyu Yang , Jing Jiang , Zian Sun

Prompt learning is a dominant paradigm for adapting pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to downstream tasks. However, existing methods often rely on a simplistic, layer-centric view, assuming shallow layers capture general features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yiming Ma , Hongkun Yang , Lionel Z. Wang , Bin Chen , Weizhi Xian , Jianzhi Teng

Current video understanding models excel at recognizing "what" is happening but fall short in high-level cognitive tasks like causal reasoning and future prediction, a limitation rooted in their lack of commonsense world knowledge. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 L'ea Dubois , Klaus Schmidt , Chengyu Wang , Ji-Hoon Park , Lin Wang , Santiago Munoz

Facial expression recognition (FER) in 3D and 4D domains presents a significant challenge in affective computing due to the complexity of spatial and temporal facial dynamics. Its success is crucial for advancing applications in human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Muzammil Behzad

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on multimodal reasoning tasks, but their deployment remains challenging due to high inference latency and computational cost, particularly when processing high-resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Putu Indah Githa Cahyani , Komang David Dananjaya Suartana , Novanto Yudistira

Modern Question Answering (QA) and Reasoning approaches based on Large Language Models (LLMs) commonly use prompting techniques, such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT), assuming the resulting generation will have a more granular exploration and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Erik Arakelyan , Pasquale Minervini , Pat Verga , Patrick Lewis , Isabelle Augenstein

Mainstream vision-language models (VLMs) fundamentally struggle with severe optical ambiguities, such as reflections and transparent objects, due to the inherent limitations of standard RGB inputs. While polarization imaging captures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yuliang Li , Chu Zhou , Heng Guo , Boxin Shi , Imari Sato , Zhanyu Ma

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise for human-like conversations, they are primarily pre-trained on text data. Incorporating audio or video improves performance, but collecting large-scale multimodal data and…

As the real propagation environment becomes in creasingly complex and dynamic, millimeter wave beam prediction faces huge challenges. However, the powerful cross modal representation capability of vision-language model (VLM) provides a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Ji Wang , Bin Tang , Jian Xiao , Qimei Cui , Xingwang Li , Tony Q. S. Quek

The task of translating visible-to-infrared images (V2IR) is inherently challenging due to three main obstacles: 1) achieving semantic-aware translation, 2) managing the diverse wavelength spectrum in infrared imagery, and 3) the scarcity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Lingyan Ran , Lidong Wang , Guangcong Wang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang
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