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Simulating glucose dynamics in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is critical for developing personalized treatments and supporting data-driven clinical decisions. Existing models often miss key physiological aspects and are difficult…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-16 Valentina Roquemen-Echeverri , Taisa Kushner , Peter G. Jacobs , Clara Mosquera-Lopez

This paper presents a proof-of-concept digital twin framework for simulation-driven diabetes modeling using benchmark clinical data, synthetic temporal augmentation, and illustrative continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) analysis. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zarrin Monirzadeh

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is characterized by insulin deficiency and blood glucose (BG) control issues. The state-of-the-art solution for continuous BG control is reinforcement learning (RL), where an agent can dynamically adjust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jingchi Jiang , Rujia Shen , Boran Wang , Yi Guan

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) affects millions worldwide, requiring continuous monitoring to prevent severe hypo- and hyperglycemic events. While continuous glucose monitoring has improved blood glucose management, deploying predictive models on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Mirko Paolo Barbato , Giorgia Rigamonti , Davide Marelli , Paolo Napoletano

Managing Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) demands constant vigilance as individuals strive to regulate their blood glucose levels and avoid dysglycemia, including hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Despite advances in automated insulin delivery (AID)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Saman Khamesian , Asiful Arefeen , Maria Adela Grando , Bithika M. Thompson , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

High quality real world datasets are essential for advancing data driven approaches in type 1 diabetes (T1D) management, including personalized therapy design, digital twin systems, and glucose prediction models. However, progress in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Saman Khamesian , Asiful Arefeen , Bithika M. Thompson , Maria Adela Grando , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

The Glucose-Insulin-Glucagon nonlinear model [1-4] accurately describes how the body responds to exogenously supplied insulin and glucagon in patients affected by Type I diabetes. Based on this model, we design infusion rates of either…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-19 Afroza Shirin , Fabio Della Rossa , Isaac Klickstein , John Russell , Francesco Sorrentino

The rising rates of diabetes necessitate innovative methods for its management. Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) are small medical devices that measure blood glucose levels at regular intervals providing insights into daily patterns of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-10 Renat Sergazinov , Elizabeth Chun , Valeriya Rogovchenko , Nathaniel Fernandes , Nicholas Kasman , Irina Gaynanova

The escalating prevalence of diabetes globally underscores the need for diabetes management. Recent research highlights the growing focus on digital biomarkers in diabetes management, with innovations in computational frameworks and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Ziyi Zhou , Ming Cheng , Xingjian Diao , Yanjun Cui , Xiangling Li

The goal of this paper is to propose a new mathematical model for the combined effect of different treatments and lifestyles on the glucose-insulin dynamics of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The model gives the possibility to take into…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-11 Mohamad Al Ahdab , John Leth , Torben Knudsen , Peter Vestergaard , Henrik Clausen

In the world today, diabetic complications are a major factor in the disease's high mortality rate. Diabetes mellitus has been a major source of concern for decades due to its global prevalence and the resulting rising costs to individuals,…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Umme Hafsa Momy

Due to the sensitive nature of diabetes-related data, preventing them from being shared between studies, progress in the field of glucose prediction is hard to assess. To address this issue, we present GLYFE (GLYcemia Forecasting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-30 Maxime De Bois , Mehdi Ammi , Mounîm A. El Yacoubi

Effective management of Type 1 Diabetes requires continuous glucose monitoring and precise insulin adjustments to prevent hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. With the growing adoption of wearable glucose monitors and mobile health applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Giorgia Rigamonti , Mirko Paolo Barbato , Davide Marelli , Paolo Napoletano

People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) lack the ability to produce the insulin their bodies need. As a result, they must continually make decisions about how much insulin to self-administer to adequately control their blood glucose levels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Ian Fox , Joyce Lee , Rodica Pop-Busui , Jenna Wiens

Type 1 Diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in little to no insulin production. Insulin helps glucose in your blood enter your…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-04 Soon Jynn Chu , Nalaka Amarasiri , Sandesh Giri , Priyata Kafle

Type 1 diabetes eliminates the body's ability to produce insulin, making glucose regulation entirely dependent on external insulin delivery and the control algorithm. Existing closed-loop methods either rely on accurate patient-specific…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Pukhrambam Akash Singh , Ratnangshu Das , Ahan Basu , Pushpak Jagtap

Accurate long-horizon glucose forecasting is critical for automated insulin delivery systems, which help people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) manage their glucose and avoid dangerous hypoglycemia. However, standard recursive long short-term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Phat Tran , Neville Mehta , Clara Mosquera-Lopez , Robert H. Dodier , Lizhong Chen , Peter G. Jacobs

This paper proposes GluMind, a transformer-based multimodal framework designed for continual and long-term blood glucose forecasting. GluMind devises two attention mechanisms, including cross-attention and multi-scale attention, which…

The classification of diabetes and prediabetes by static glucose thresholds obscures the pathophysiological dysglycemia heterogeneity, primarily driven by insulin resistance (IR), beta-cell dysfunction, and incretin deficiency. This review…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ahmed A. Metwally , Heyjun Park , Yue Wu , Tracey McLaughlin , Michael P. Snyder

Diabetes mellitus is a global health crisis characterized by poor blood sugar regulation, impacting millions of people worldwide and leading to severe complications and mortality. Although Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) has a lower number…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-14 Rinrada Jadsadaphongphaibool , Dadi Bi , Christian D. Lorenz , Yansha Deng , Robert Schober
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