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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing the capabilities of large language models. However, existing RAG evaluation predominantly focuses on text retrieval and relies on opaque, end-to-end…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Chuan Xu , Qiaosheng Chen , Yutong Feng , Gong Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines must address challenges beyond simple single-document retrieval, such as interpreting visual elements (tables, charts, images), synthesizing information across documents, and providing accurate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 António Loison , Quentin Macé , Antoine Edy , Victor Xing , Tom Balough , Gabriel Moreira , Bo Liu , Manuel Faysse , Céline Hudelot , Gautier Viaud

Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) is a practical yet challenging task, which is to ask questions based on documents while referring to multiple pages and different modalities of information, e.g, images and tables. To handle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Chelsi Jain , Yiran Wu , Yifan Zeng , Jiale Liu , S hengyu Dai , Zhenwen Shao , Qingyun Wu , Huazheng Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has demonstrated considerable effectiveness in open-domain question answering. However, when applied to heterogeneous documents, comprising both textual and tabular components, existing RAG approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xiaohan Yu , Pu Jian , Chong Chen

Vision-language retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become an effective approach for tackling Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering (KB-VQA), which requires external knowledge beyond the visual content presented in images. The…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Wei Yang , Jingjing Fu , Rui Wang , Jinyu Wang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an effective paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, existing multimodal RAG systems predominantly rely on coarse-grained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yifan Zhu , Yu Mi , Yue Lu , Yanchu Guan , Zhixuan Chu

Current general-purpose large language models (LLMs) commonly exhibit knowledge hallucination and insufficient domain-specific adaptability in domain-specific tasks, limiting their effectiveness in specialized question answering scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mengzheng Yang , Yanfei Ren , David Osei Opoku , Ruochang Li , Peng Ren , Chunxiao Xing

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources to address their limitations in accessing up-to-date or specialized information. A natural strategy to increase the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Song Wang , Zihan Chen , Peng Wang , Zhepei Wei , Zhen Tan , Yu Meng , Cong Shen , Jundong Li

Financial documents--such as 10-Ks, 10-Qs, and investor presentations--span hundreds of pages and combine diverse modalities, including dense narrative text, structured tables, and complex figures. Answering questions over such content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Chinmay Gondhalekar , Urjitkumar Patel , Fang-Chun Yeh

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a paradigm that augments large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge to tackle knowledge-intensive question answering. While several benchmarks evaluate Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yin Wu , Quanyu Long , Jing Li , Jianfei Yu , Wenya Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have revolutionized information retrieval and question answering, but traditional text-based chunking methods struggle with complex document structures, multi-page tables, embedded figures, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Vishesh Tripathi , Tanmay Odapally , Indraneel Das , Uday Allu , Biddwan Ahmed

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising approach to address key limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as hallucination, outdated knowledge, and lacking reference. However, current RAG frameworks often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zihan Wang , Zihan Liang , Zhou Shao , Yufei Ma , Huangyu Dai , Ben Chen , Lingtao Mao , Chenyi Lei , Yuqing Ding , Han Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing large language models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant documents from an external corpus. However, existing RAG systems primarily focus on unimodal text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Chenghao Zhang , Guanting Dong , Xinyu Yang , Zhicheng Dou

Extraction and interpretation of intricate information from unstructured text data arising in financial applications, such as earnings call transcripts, present substantial challenges to large language models (LLMs) even using the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Benika Hall , Rohan Rao , Sunil Patel , Stefano Pasquali , Dhagash Mehta

Document Understanding is a foundational AI capability with broad applications, and Document Question Answering (DocQA) is a key evaluation task. Traditional methods convert the document into text for processing by Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Xixi Wu , Yanchao Tan , Nan Hou , Ruiyang Zhang , Hong Cheng

Understanding multimodal long-context documents that comprise multimodal chunks such as paragraphs, figures, and tables is challenging due to (1) cross-modal heterogeneity to localize relevant information across modalities, (2) cross-page…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yongyue Zhang , Yaxiong Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user needs. However, existing RAG systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zirui Guo , Lianghao Xia , Yanhua Yu , Tu Ao , Chao Huang

Document Question Answering (QA) presents a challenge in understanding visually-rich documents (VRD), particularly those dominated by lengthy textual content like research journal articles. Existing studies primarily focus on real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yihao Ding , Kaixuan Ren , Jiabin Huang , Siwen Luo , Soyeon Caren Han

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) typically relies on a flat retrieval paradigm that maps queries directly to static, isolated text segments. This approach struggles with more complex tasks that require the conditional retrieval and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jihao Dai , Dingjun Wu , Yuxuan Chen , Zheni Zeng , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Maosong Sun

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a fundamental paradigm for expanding Large Language Models beyond their static training limitations. However, a critical misalignment exists between current RAG capabilities and real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Zirui Guo , Xubin Ren , Lingrui Xu , Jiahao Zhang , Chao Huang