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FPGAs are a promising platform for accelerating Deep Learning (DL) applications, due to their high performance, low power consumption, and reconfigurability. Recently, the leading FPGA vendors have enhanced their architectures to more…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Endri Taka , Dimitrios Gourounas , Andreas Gerstlauer , Diana Marculescu , Aman Arora

The remarkable positive impact of Deep Neural Networks on many Artificial Intelligence (AI) tasks has led to the development of various high performance algorithms as well as specialized processors and accelerators. In this paper we address…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Jie Lei , José Flich , Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a fundamental operation in many scientific workloads, signal processing, and particularly deep learning. It is often a bottleneck for performance and energy efficiency, especially in edge environments…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ilias Papalamprou , Dimosthenis Masouros , Ioannis Loudaros , Francky Catthoor , Dimitrios Soudris

The high computational and memory demands of modern deep learning (DL) workloads have led to the development of specialized hardware devices from cloud to edge, such as AMD's Ryzen AI XDNA NPUs. Optimizing general matrix multiplication…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Endri Taka , Andre Roesti , Joseph Melber , Pranathi Vasireddy , Kristof Denolf , Diana Marculescu

Efficient AI inference on AMD's Versal AI Engine (AIE) is challenging due to tightly coupled VLIW execution, explicit datapaths, and local memory management. Prior work focused on first-generation AIE kernel optimizations, without tackling…

This paper investigates the design of parallel general matrix multiplication (GEMM) for a Versal Adaptive Compute Accelerated Platform (ACAP) equipped with a VC1902 system-on-chip and multiple Artificial Intelligence Engines (AIEs). Our…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Jie Lei , Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a critical operation underpinning a wide range of applications in high-performance computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence (AI). The emergence of hardware optimized for low-precision arithmetic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Qiao Zhang , Rabab Alomairy , Dali Wang , Zhuowei Gu , Qinglei Cao

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a crucial algorithm for various applications such as machine learning and scientific computing, and an efficient GEMM implementation is essential for the performance of these systems. While…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Shixun Wu , Yujia Zhai , Jinyang Liu , Jiajun Huang , Zizhe Jian , Bryan M. Wong , Zizhong Chen

The GEneral Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is one of the essential algorithms in scientific computing. Single-thread GEMM implementations are well-optimised with techniques like blocking and autotuning. However, due to the complexity of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yufan Xia , Marco De La Pierre , Amanda S. Barnard , Giuseppe Maria Junior Barca

General matrix multiplication (GEMM) is a fundamental operation in deep learning (DL). With DL moving increasingly toward low precision, recent works have proposed novel unary GEMM designs as an alternative to conventional binary GEMM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Prabhu Vellaisamy , Harideep Nair , Di Wu , Shawn Blanton , John Paul Shen

The increasing computational and memory requirements of Deep Learning (DL) workloads has led to outstanding innovations in hardware architectures. An archetype of such architectures is the novel Versal AI Engine (AIE) by AMD/Xilinx. The AIE…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Endri Taka , Aman Arora , Kai-Chiang Wu , Diana Marculescu

General matrix multiplication (GEMM) operations are the fundamental building blocks of computational domains including artificial intelligence (AI). As GPU architectures evolve and high-performance AI becomes increasingly important,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Harisankar Sadasivan , Muhammed Emin Ozturk , Muhammad Osama , Chris Millette , Astha Rai , Maksim Podkorytov , John Afaganis , Carlus Huang , Jing Zhang , Jun Liu

Sparse General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpGEMM) is a fundamental operation in numerous scientific computing and data analytics applications, often bottlenecked by irregular memory access patterns. This paper presents Hash based…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shiju Li , Younghoon Min , Hane Yie , Hoshik Kim , Soohong Ahn , Joonseop Sim , Chul-Ho Lee , Jongryool Kim

Among ML operators today, GEneralMatrix Multiplication (GEMM)-based operators are known to be key operators that build the main backbone of ML models. As their computational overhead dominates the overall execution time (e.g., 42.8% - 96.6%…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Rachid Karami , Sheng-Chun Kao , Hyoukjun Kwon

AI models are increasing in size and recent advancement in the community has shown that unlike HPC applications where double precision datatype are required, lower-precision datatypes such as fp8 or int4 are sufficient to bring the same…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Saeed Maleki

General matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) is a cornerstone of AI computations, making tensor processing engines (TPEs) increasingly critical in GPUs and domain-specific architectures. Existing architectures primarily optimize dataflow or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Qizhe Wu , Huawen Liang , Yuchen Gui , Zhichen Zeng , Zerong He , Linfeng Tao , Xiaotian Wang , Letian Zhao , Zhaoxi Zeng , Wei Yuan , Wei Wu , Xi Jin

The generic matrix multiply (GEMM) function is the core element of high-performance linear algebra libraries used in many computationally-demanding digital signal processing (DSP) systems. We propose an acceleration technique for GEMM based…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2015-05-30 Davide Anastasia , Yiannis Andreopoulos

DL inference queries play an important role in diverse internet services and a large fraction of datacenter cycles are spent on processing DL inference queries. Specifically, the matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) operations of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Benjamin Y. Cho , Jeageun Jung , Mattan Erez

Analytical framework for predicting General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) performance on modern GPUs, focusing on runtime, power consumption, and energy efficiency. Our study employs two approaches: a custom-implemented tiled matrix…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xiaoteng , Liu , Pavly Halim

General matrix multiplication (GEMM) is a ubiquitous computing kernel/algorithm for data processing in diverse applications, including artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL). Recent shift towards edge computing has inspired…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Harideep Nair , Prabhu Vellaisamy , Albert Chen , Joseph Finn , Anna Li , Manav Trivedi , John Paul Shen
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