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Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have yielded impressive performance on various tasks, yet they often depend on high-quality feedback that can be costly. Self-refinement methods attempt to leverage LLMs' internal evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hikaru Asano , Tadashi Kozuno , Yukino Baba

While reinforcement learning has advanced the alignment of text-to-image (T2I) models, state-of-the-art policy gradient methods are still hampered by training instability and high variance, hindering convergence speed and compromising image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jeongjae Lee , Jong Chul Ye

Effective training of language models (LMs) for mathematical reasoning tasks demands high-quality supervised fine-tuning data. Besides obtaining annotations from human experts, a common alternative is sampling from larger and more powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Tianduo Wang , Shichen Li , Wei Lu

Program synthesis or code generation aims to generate a program that satisfies a problem specification. Recent approaches using large-scale pretrained language models (LMs) have shown promising results, yet they have some critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Hung Le , Yue Wang , Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare , Silvio Savarese , Steven C. H. Hoi

Large language models are increasingly solving tasks that are commonly believed to require human-level reasoning ability. However, these models still perform very poorly on benchmarks of general intelligence such as the Abstraction and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Natasha Butt , Blazej Manczak , Auke Wiggers , Corrado Rainone , David W. Zhang , Michaël Defferrard , Taco Cohen

As text and code resources have expanded, large-scale pre-trained models have shown promising capabilities in code generation tasks, typically employing supervised fine-tuning with problem statement-program pairs. However, increasing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Nathanaël Beau , Benoît Crabbé

Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation evolve rapidly through fine-tuning, merging, or new model releases. However, such updates can introduce regressions, not only in correctness but also in code quality and performance. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Altaf Allah Abbassi , Leuson Da Silva , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh

Retrieval-augmented code generation utilizes Large Language Models as the generator and significantly expands their code generation capabilities by providing relevant code, documentation, and more via the retriever. The current approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Xinyu Gao , Yun Xiong , Deze Wang , Zhenhan Guan , Zejian Shi , Haofen Wang , Shanshan Li

In sequence generation task, many works use policy gradient for model optimization to tackle the intractable backpropagation issue when maximizing the non-differentiable evaluation metrics or fooling the discriminator in adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Yi-Lin Tuan , Jinzhi Zhang , Yujia Li , Hung-yi Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation but struggle with complex problems. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this issue by integrating external knowledge, yet retrieval models often miss relevant context, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Shahd Seddik , Fahd Seddik , Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard , Minh Hieu Huynh , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Sequence generation applications require satisfying semantic constraints, such as ensuring that programs are correct, using certain keywords, or avoiding undesirable content. Language models, whether fine-tuned or prompted with few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Sean Welleck , Ximing Lu , Peter West , Faeze Brahman , Tianxiao Shen , Daniel Khashabi , Yejin Choi

Large language models have demonstrated the ability to generate both natural language and programming language text. Such models open up the possibility of multi-language code generation: could code generation models generalize knowledge…

The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation have been extensively studied, particularly for implementing target functionalities from natural-language descriptions. Alternatively, input-output (I/O) examples provide…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yingjie Fu , Bozhou Li , Linyi Li , Wentao Zhang , Tao Xie

Code generation is crucial in software engineering for automating the coding process efficiently. While test-time computation methods show promise, they suffer from high latency due to multiple computation rounds. To overcome this, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiaoqing Zhang , Yuhan Liu , Flood Sung , Xiuying Chen , Shuo Shang , Rui Yan

Program synthesis aims to {\it automatically} find programs from an underlying programming language that satisfy a given specification. While this has the potential to revolutionize computing, how to search over the vast space of programs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Yuan Yuan , Wolfgang Banzhaf

Deep reinforcement learning has been able to solve various tasks successfully, however, due to the construction of policy gradient and training dynamics, tuning deep reinforcement learning models remains challenging. As one of the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Hanyong Wang , Menglong Yang

In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient approach based on prompt engineering that leverages the large language model itself to optimize its answers without relying on auxiliary models. We introduce an iterative self-evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Tianqiang Yan , Tiansheng Xu

We introduce CRPE (Code Reasoning Process Enhancer), an innovative three-stage framework for data synthesis and model training that advances the development of sophisticated code reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ningxin Gui , Qianghuai Jia , Feijun Jiang , Yuling Jiao , dechun wang , Jerry Zhijian Yang

Pre-trained code language models have achieved promising performance in code generation and improved the programming efficiency of human developers. However, their self-refinement capability is typically overlooked by the existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yangruibo Ding , Marcus J. Min , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has demonstrated strong effectiveness in knowledge-intensive tasks by grounding language generation in external evidence. Despite its success, many existing RAG systems are built based on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Lichang Song , Ting Long , Yi Chang
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