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Related papers: Efficient LLM Serving on Hybrid Real-time and Best…

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Large language models (LLMs) have excelled in various applications, yet serving them at scale is challenging due to their substantial resource demands and high latency. Our real-world studies reveal that over 70% of user requests to LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yifan Yu , Yu Gan , Nikhil Sarda , Lillian Tsai , Jiaming Shen , Yanqi Zhou , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Fan Lai , Henry M. Levy , David Culler

We study the problem of optimizing Large Language Model (LLM) inference scheduling to minimize total latency. LLM inference is an online and multi-task service process and also heavily energy consuming by which a pre-trained LLM processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zixi Chen , Yinyu Ye , Zijie Zhou

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) extend LLMs to handle images, videos, and audio by incorporating feature extractors and projection modules. However, these additional components -- combined with complex inference pipelines and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zedong Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Guangming Tan , Yang You , Dingwen Tao

Large language models (LLMs) can perform complex reasoning by generating intermediate thoughts under zero-shot or few-shot settings. However, zero-shot prompting always encounters low performance, and the superior performance of few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Xiangyang Liu , Junliang He , Xipeng Qiu

Serving long-context LLMs is challenging because request lengths and batch composition vary during token generation, causing the memory footprint to fluctuate significantly at runtime. Offloading KV caches to host memory limits effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xinyue Ma , Heelim Hong , Taegeon Um , Jongseop Lee , Seoyeong Choy , Woo-Yeon Lee , Myeongjae Jeon

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) with varying computational costs and performance profiles presents a critical challenge for scalable, cost-effective deployment in real-world applications. We introduce a unified routing…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are frequently used for multi-faceted language generation and evaluation tasks that involve satisfying intricate user constraints or taking into account multiple aspects and criteria. However, their performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Swarnadeep Saha , Omer Levy , Asli Celikyilmaz , Mohit Bansal , Jason Weston , Xian Li

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has exponentially increased the demand for efficient serving systems. With growing requests and context lengths, key-value (KV)-related operations, including attention computation and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Lian Liu , Shixin Zhao , Yutian Zhou , Yintao He , Mengdi Wang , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

Nowadays, large language models (LLMs) are published as a service and can be accessed by various applications via APIs, also known as language-model-as-a-service (LMaaS). Without knowing the generation length of requests, existing serving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Ke Cheng , Wen Hu , Zhi Wang , Peng Du , Jianguo Li , Sheng Zhang

Global cloud service providers handle inference workloads for Large Language Models (LLMs) that span latency-sensitive (e.g., chatbots) and insensitive (e.g., report writing) tasks, resulting in diverse and often conflicting Service Level…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shashwat Jaiswal , Kunal Jain , Yogesh Simmhan , Anjaly Parayil , Ankur Mallick , Rujia Wang , Renee St. Amant , Chetan Bansal , Victor Rühle , Anoop Kulkarni , Steve Kofsky , Saravan Rajmohan

Congestion control is a fundamental component of Internet infrastructure, and researchers have dedicated considerable effort to developing improved congestion control algorithms. However, despite extensive study, existing algorithms…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Zhiyuan He , Aashish Gottipati , Lili Qiu , Yuqing Yang , Francis Y. Yan

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled diverse applications with very different latency requirements. Existing LLM serving frameworks rely on siloed infrastructure with coarse-grained workload segregation --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Kanishk Goel , Jayashree Mohan , Nipun Kwatra , Ravi Shreyas Anupindi , Ramachandran Ramjee

A flurry of recent work has demonstrated that pre-trained large language models (LLMs) can be effective task planners for a variety of single-robot tasks. The planning performance of LLMs is significantly improved via prompting techniques,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Jacob Arkin , Yang Zhang , Nicholas Roy , Chuchu Fan

We tackle the challenge of building real-world multimodal assistants for complex real-world tasks. We describe the practicalities and challenges of developing and deploying GRILLBot, a leading (first and second prize winning in 2022 and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Sophie Fischer , Carlos Gemmell , Niklas Tecklenburg , Iain Mackie , Federico Rossetto , Jeffrey Dalton

Transformers have a quadratic scaling of computational complexity with input size, which limits the input context window size of large language models (LLMs) in both training and inference. Meanwhile, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yimin Tang , Yurong Xu , Ning Yan , Masood Mortazavi

The Large Language Model (LLM) has gained significant popularity and is extensively utilized across various domains. Most LLM deployments occur within cloud data centers, where they encounter substantial response delays and incur high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zhi Yao , Zhiqing Tang , Jiong Lou , Ping Shen , Weijia Jia

The rise of compound AI serving that integrates multiple operators in a pipeline enables end-user applications such as generative AI-powered meeting companions, autonomous driving, and immersive gaming. These workloads span diverse…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Banruo Liu , Wei-Yu Lin , Minghao Fang , Yihan Jiang , Fan Lai

Serving numerous users and requests concurrently requires good fairness in Large Language Models (LLMs) serving system. This ensures that, at the same cost, the system can meet the Service Level Objectives (SLOs) of more users , such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Ao Shen , Zhiyao Li , Mingyu Gao

Deploying massive large language models (LLMs) as continuous cognitive engines for robotics is bottlenecked by the time-to-first-token (TTFT) latency required to process extensive state histories. Existing solutions like RAG or sliding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Robin Karlsson , Go Suzui

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks, yet the choice of which model to use often involves a trade-off between performance and cost. More powerful models, though effective, come with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Isaac Ong , Amjad Almahairi , Vincent Wu , Wei-Lin Chiang , Tianhao Wu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , M Waleed Kadous , Ion Stoica