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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) boasting billions of parameters have generated a significant demand for efficient deployment in inference workloads. The majority of existing approaches rely on temporal architectures that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Hongzheng Chen , Jiahao Zhang , Yixiao Du , Shaojie Xiang , Zichao Yue , Niansong Zhang , Yaohui Cai , Zhiru Zhang

We present FlexLLM, a composable High-Level Synthesis (HLS) library for rapid development of domain-specific LLM accelerators. FlexLLM exposes key architectural degrees of freedom for stage-customized inference, enabling hybrid designs that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Jiahao Zhang , Zifan He , Nicholas Fraser , Michaela Blott , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in natural language processing. However, their deployment on resource-constrained embedded devices remains difficult due to memory and computational demands. In this paper,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Han Xu , Yutong Li , Shihao Ji

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have made a significant impact on various domains. However, LLMs' efficiency suffers from both heavy computation and memory overheads. Compression techniques like sparsification and…

This paper introduces SpeedLLM, a neural network accelerator designed on the Xilinx Alevo U280 platform and optimized for the Tinyllama framework to enhance edge computing performance. Key innovations include data stream parallelism, a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Peipei Wang , Wu Guan , Liping Liang , Zhijun Wang , Hanqing Luo , Zhibin Zhang

This work elaborates on a High performance computing (HPC) architecture based on Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management (SLURM) [1] for deploying heterogeneous Large Language Models (LLMs) into a scalable inference engine. Dynamic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Anderson de Lima Luiz , Shubham Vijay Kurlekar , Munir Georges

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become the leading hardware accelerator for deep learning applications and are used widely in training and inference of transformers; transformers have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Andy He , Darren Key , Mason Bulling , Andrew Chang , Skyler Shapiro , Everett Lee

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Deploying a large language model (LLM) inference service remains costly because centralized serving depends on specialized GPU clusters and high-bandwidth interconnects in datacenters. An appealing alternative is to leverage collaborative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chris Tong , Youhe Jiang , Gufeng Chen , Tianyi Zhao , Sibian Lu , Wenjie Qu , Eric Yang , Lynn Ai , Binhang Yuan

In this paper, we propose FusionCIM, an operator-fusion-driven compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerator architecture for efficient and scalable LLM inference, with three key innovations: (1) a hybrid CIM pipeline architecture that maps QKT…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zihao Xuan , Jia Chen , Yewen Li , Wei Xuan , Hegan Chen , Xiao Huo , Fengbin Tu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human language, but efficient inference on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging due to large model sizes and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Weihong Xu , Haein Choi , Po-kai Hsu , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

Large language model (LLM) inference has been a prevalent demand in daily life and industries. The large tensor sizes and computing complexities in LLMs have brought challenges to memory, computing, and databus. This paper proposes a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yimin Wang , Yue Jiet Chong , Xuanyao Fong

Latency and energy consumption are key metrics in the performance of deep neural network (DNN) accelerators. A significant factor contributing to latency and energy is data transfers. One method to reduce transfers or data is reusing data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Michael Gilbert , Yannan Nellie Wu , Joel S. Emer , Vivienne Sze

Transformer based Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used in many fields, and the efficiency of LLM inference becomes hot topic in real applications. However, LLMs are usually complicatedly designed in model structure with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hui Wu , Yi Gan , Feng Yuan , Jing Ma , Wei Zhu , Yutao Xu , Hong Zhu , Yuhua Zhu , Xiaoli Liu , Jinghui Gu , Peng Zhao

RAPID-LLM is a unified performance modeling framework for large language model (LLM) training and inference on GPU clusters. It couples a DeepFlow-based frontend that generates hardware-aware, operator-level Chakra execution traces from an…

Efficient execution of deep learning workloads on dataflow architectures is crucial for overcoming memory bottlenecks and maximizing performance. While streaming intermediate results between computation kernels can significantly improve…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Hanchen Ye , Deming Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have been a disruptive innovation in recent years, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives due to their ability to understand and generate human-like text. Their capabilities include natural language…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Akrit Mudvari , Yuang Jiang , Leandros Tassiulas

The past year has witnessed the increasing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs). Their unprecedented scale and associated high hardware cost have impeded their broader adoption, calling for efficient hardware designs. With the large…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Hengrui Zhang , August Ning , Rohan Prabhakar , David Wentzlaff

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently exploded in popularity thanks to their broad applicability to graph-related problems such as quantum chemistry, drug discovery, and high energy physics. However, meeting demand for novel GNN models…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Rishov Sarkar , Stefan Abi-Karam , Yuqi He , Lakshmi Sathidevi , Cong Hao

As the landscape of deep neural networks evolves, heterogeneous dataflow accelerators, in the form of multi-core architectures or chiplet-based designs, promise more flexibility and higher inference performance through scalability. So far,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Arne Symons , Linyan Mei , Steven Colleman , Pouya Houshmand , Sebastian Karl , Marian Verhelst
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