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Machine learning classifiers often stumble over imbalanced datasets where classes are not equally represented. This inherent bias towards the majority class may result in low accuracy in labeling minority class. Imbalanced learning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Wenhao Zhang , Ramin Ramezani , Arash Naeim

This study examines the impact of class-imbalanced data on deep learning models and proposes a technique for data balancing by generating synthetic data for the minority class. Unlike random-based oversampling, our method prioritizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Hung Nguyen , Morris Chang

Unbalanced tabular data sets present significant challenges for predictive modeling and data analysis across a wide range of applications. In many real-world scenarios, such as fraud detection, medical diagnosis, and rare event prediction,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Ivona Krchova , Michael Platzer , Paul Tiwald

Synthetic oversampling of minority examples using SMOTE and its variants is a leading strategy for addressing imbalanced classification problems. Despite the success of this approach in practice, its theoretical foundations remain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Touqeer Ahmad , Mohammadreza M. Kalan , François Portier , Gilles Stupfler

Despite the enormous amount of data, particular events of interest can still be quite rare. Classification of rare events is a common problem in many domains, such as fraudulent transactions, malware traffic analysis and network intrusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Ivan Letteri , Antonio Di Cecco , Abeer Dyoub , Giuseppe Della Penna

Class imbalance in supervised classification often degrades model performance by biasing predictions toward the majority class, particularly in critical applications such as medical diagnosis and fraud detection. Traditional oversampling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-16 Suman Cha , Hyunjoong Kim

There is often a mixture of very frequent labels and very infrequent labels in multi-label datatsets. This variation in label frequency, a type class imbalance, creates a significant challenge for building efficient multi-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Payel Sadhukhan , Arjun Pakrashi , Sarbani Palit , Brian Mac Namee

In many application domains such as medicine, information retrieval, cybersecurity, social media, etc., datasets used for inducing classification models often have an unequal distribution of the instances of each class. This situation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Mohamed S. Kraiem , Fernando Sánchez-Hernández , María N. Moreno-García

This paper introduces a novel oversampling technique designed to improve classification performance on imbalanced datasets. The proposed method enhances the traditional SMOTE algorithm by incorporating convex combination and kernel-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Wenjie Li , Sibo Zhu , Zhijian Li , Hanlin Wang

Real-world binary classification tasks are in many cases imbalanced, where the minority class is much smaller than the majority class. This skewness is challenging for machine learning algorithms as they tend to focus on the majority and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Sajad Darabi , Yotam Elor

Traditional resampling methods for handling class imbalance typically uses fixed distributions, undersampling the majority or oversampling the minority. These static strategies ignore changes in class-wise learning difficulty, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Arjun Basandrai , Shourya Jain , K. Ilanthenral

Class imbalance refers to the significant difference in the number of samples from different classes within a dataset, making it challenging to identify minority class samples correctly. This issue is prevalent in real-world classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Yi-Yang Shangguan , Shi-Shun Chen , Xiao-Yang Li

This study is about inducing classifiers using data that is imbalanced, with a minority class being under-represented in relation to the majority classes. The first section of this research focuses on the main characteristics of data that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Shivaditya Shivganesh , Nitin Narayanan N , Pranav Murali , Ajaykumar M

Determining the number of clusters is a central challenge in unsupervised learning, where ground-truth labels are unavailable. The Silhouette coefficient is a widely used internal validation metric for this task, yet its standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Aggelos Semoglou , Aristidis Likas , John Pavlopoulos

Class imbalance and distributional differences in large datasets present significant challenges for classification tasks machine learning, often leading to biased models and poor predictive performance for minority classes. This work…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-20 Alex Mak , Shubham Sahoo , Shivani Pandey , Yidan Yue , Linglong Kong

Forums play an important role in providing a platform for community interaction. The introduction of irrelevant content or spam by individuals for commercial and social gains tends to degrade the professional experience presented to the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Pratik Ratadiya , Rahul Moorthy

Financial fraud detection poses a typical challenge characterized by class imbalance, where instances of fraud are extremely rare but can lead to unpredictable economic losses if misidentified. Precisely classifying these critical minority…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Lingyun Zhong

Learning from class-imbalanced data continues to be a common and challenging problem in supervised learning as standard classification algorithms are designed to handle balanced class distributions. While different strategies exist to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Felix Last , Georgios Douzas , Fernando Bacao

Imbalanced classification is a well-known challenge faced by many real-world applications. This issue occurs when the distribution of the target variable is skewed, leading to a prediction bias toward the majority class. With the arrival of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Carla Vairetti , José Luis Assadi , Sebastián Maldonado

Imbalanced learning is a fundamental challenge in data mining, where there is a disproportionate ratio of training samples in each class. Over-sampling is an effective technique to tackle imbalanced learning through generating synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Daochen Zha , Kwei-Herng Lai , Qiaoyu Tan , Sirui Ding , Na Zou , Xia Hu