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GPU-accelerated Self-Organizing Map (SOM) implementations are among the most competitive options for large-scale SOM analysis, but growing dataset sizes increasingly challenge their practical use because workloads no longer fit cleanly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Tony Xu , Sarah Klamt , Katherine Turner , Anne Brustle , Felix Marsh-Wakefield , Givanna Putri

In many research fields, the sizes of the existing datasets vary widely. Hence, there is a need for machine learning techniques which are well-suited for these different datasets. One possible technique is the self-organizing map (SOM), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-09 Felix M. Riese , Sina Keller

The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) with its related extensions is the most popular artificial neural algorithm for use in unsupervised learning, clustering, classification and data visualization. Over 5,000 publications have been reported in the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Marie Cottrell , Michel Verleysen

Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a neural network model which is used to obtain a topology-preserving mapping from the (usually high dimensional) input/feature space to an output/map space of fewer dimensions (usually two or three in order to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-05-20 Gerasimos Spanakis , Gerhard Weiss

This paper introduces torchsom, an open-source Python library that provides a reference implementation of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) in PyTorch. This package offers three main features: (i) dimensionality reduction, (ii) clustering, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-14 Louis Berthier , Ahmed Shokry , Maxime Moreaud , Guillaume Ramelet , Eric Moulines

There has been an increasing interest in semi-supervised learning in the recent years because of the great number of datasets with a large number of unlabeled data but only a few labeled samples. Semi-supervised learning algorithms can work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Pedro H. M. Braga , Hansenclever F. Bassani

In the recent years, there is a growing interest in semi-supervised learning, since, in many learning tasks, there is a plentiful supply of unlabeled data, but insufficient labeled ones. Hence, Semi-Supervised learning models can benefit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Pedro H. M. Braga , Hansenclever F. Bassani

Generating interpretable visualizations from complex data is a common problem in many applications. Two key ingredients for tackling this issue are clustering and representation learning. However, current methods do not yet successfully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Laura Manduchi , Matthias Hüser , Julia Vogt , Gunnar Rätsch , Vincent Fortuin

The digital age has completely transformed the way that information is processed and stored, which makes cybersecurity a crucial field of research. Cybersecurity contains many different domains, but this work focuses on Intrusion Detection…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rebekah Lane , Logan Cummins , Andy Perkins , George Trawick , Ioana Banicescu , Sudip Mittal

The Parameter-Less Self-Organizing Map (PLSOM) is a new neural network algorithm based on the Self-Organizing Map (SOM). It eliminates the need for a learning rate and annealing schemes for learning rate and neighbourhood size. We discuss…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Erik Berglund , Joaquin Sitte

Determining the number of clusters in a dataset is a fundamental issue in data clustering. Many methods have been proposed to solve the problem of selecting the number of clusters, considering it to be a problem with regard to model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Ryosuke Motegi , Yoichi Seki

Self-Organizing Map algorithms have been used for almost 40 years across various application domains such as biology, geology, healthcare, industry and humanities as an interpretable tool to explore, cluster and visualize high-dimensional…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Florent Forest , Mustapha Lebbah , Hanane Azzag , Jérôme Lacaille

The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a brain-inspired neural model that is very promising for unsupervised learning, especially in embedded applications. However, it is unable to learn efficient prototypes when dealing with complex datasets. We…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Lyes Khacef , Laurent Rodriguez , Benoit Miramond

We attack the problem of learning concepts automatically from noisy web image search results. Going beyond low level attributes, such as colour and texture, we explore weakly-labelled datasets for the learning of higher level concepts, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-12-17 Eren Golge , Pinar Duygulu

Continual learning poses a fundamental challenge for neural systems, which often suffer from catastrophic forgetting when exposed to sequential tasks. Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs), despite their interpretability and efficiency, are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Igor Urbanik , Paweł Gajewski

Organizations have realized the importance of data analysis and its benefits. This in combination with Machine Learning algorithms has allowed to solve problems more easily, making these processes less time-consuming. Neural networks are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Alvaro J. Garcia-Tejedor , Alberto Nogales

The exponential growth of complex data demands fully automatic clustering. Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) provide uncertainty-aware grouping but often require expertise to specify hyperparameters, e.g., component count and covariance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Tingshan Liu , Thomas L. Athey , Benjamin D. Pedigo , Joshua T. Vogelstein

The growing amount of data produced by simulations and observations of space physics processes encourages the use of methods rooted in Machine Learning for data analysis and physical discovery. We apply a clustering method based on…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-04-27 Sophia Köhne , Elisabetta Boella , Maria Elena Innocenti

Cellular manufacturing (CM) is an approach that includes both flexibility of job shops and high production rate of flow lines. Although CM provides many benefits in reducing throughput times, setup times, work-in-process inventories but the…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2012-01-27 Manojit Chattopadhyay , Pranab K. Dan , Sitanath Majumdar

The field of artificial intelligence has significantly advanced over the past decades, inspired by discoveries from the fields of biology and neuroscience. The idea of this work is inspired by the process of self-organization of cortical…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Artem R. Muliukov , Laurent Rodriguez , Benoit Miramond , Lyes Khacef , Joachim Schmidt , Quentin Berthet , Andres Upegui
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