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The success of foundation AI has motivated the research of circuit foundation models, which are customized to assist the integrated circuit (IC) design process. However, existing pre-trained circuit foundation models are typically limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Wenji Fang , Jing Wang , Yao Lu , Shang Liu , Zhiyao Xie

Heterogeneous Text-Attributed Graphs (HTAGs), where different types of entities are not only associated with texts but also connected by diverse relationships, have gained widespread popularity and application across various domains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Yunhui Liu , Qizhuo Xie , Jinwei Shi , Jiaxu Shen , Tieke He

Dynamic Text-Attributed Graphs (DyTAGs) have numerous real-world applications, e.g. social, collaboration, citation, communication, and review networks. In these networks, nodes and edges often contain text descriptions, and the graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Amit Roy , Ning Yan , Masood Mortazavi

Circuit representation learning aims to obtain neural representations of circuit elements and has emerged as a promising research direction that can be applied to various EDA and logic reasoning tasks. Existing solutions, such as DeepGate,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Zhengyuan Shi , Hongyang Pan , Sadaf Khan , Min Li , Yi Liu , Junhua Huang , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Zhufei Chu , Qiang Xu

Textual graphs (TGs) are graphs whose nodes correspond to text (sentences or documents), which are widely prevalent. The representation learning of TGs involves two stages: (i) unsupervised feature extraction and (ii) supervised graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Keyu Duan , Qian Liu , Tat-Seng Chua , Shuicheng Yan , Wei Tsang Ooi , Qizhe Xie , Junxian He

Representation learning on text-attributed graphs (TAGs) has become a critical research problem in recent years. A typical example of a TAG is a paper citation graph, where the text of each paper serves as node attributes. Initial graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Xiaoxin He , Xavier Bresson , Thomas Laurent , Adam Perold , Yann LeCun , Bryan Hooi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves large language models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant information from external sources and has been widely adopted for text-based tasks. For structured data, such as knowledge graphs, Graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Haoyu Han , Li Ma , Yu Wang , Harry Shomer , Yongjia Lei , Zhisheng Qi , Kai Guo , Zhigang Hua , Bo Long , Hui Liu , Charu C. Aggarwal , Jiliang Tang

Dynamic text-attributed graphs (DyTAGs) are prevalent in various real-world scenarios, where each node and edge are associated with text descriptions, and both the graph structure and text descriptions evolve over time. Despite their broad…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jiasheng Zhang , Jialin Chen , Menglin Yang , Aosong Feng , Shuang Liang , Jie Shao , Rex Ying

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven immensely beneficial in education by capturing vast amounts of literature-based information, allowing them to generate context without relying on external sources. In this paper, we propose a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Umar Ali Khan , Ekram Khan , Fiza Khan , Athar Ali Moinuddin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user needs. However, existing RAG systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zirui Guo , Lianghao Xia , Yanhua Yu , Tu Ao , Chao Huang

Analog and mixed-signal (AMS) circuit designs still rely on human design expertise. Machine learning has been assisting circuit design automation by replacing human experience with artificial intelligence. This paper presents TAG, a new…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Keren Zhu , Hao Chen , Walker J. Turner , George F. Kokai , Po-Hsuan Wei , David Z. Pan , Haoxing Ren

This paper introduces layout-aware graph modeling for multimodal RAG. Different from traditional RAG methods that mostly deal with flat text chunks, the proposed method takes into account the relationship of multimodalities by using a graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Jeff Yang , Duy-Khanh Vu , Minh-Tien Nguyen , Xuan-Quang Nguyen , Linh Nguyen , Hung Le

ChatGPT, as a recently launched large language model (LLM), has shown superior performance in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, two major limitations hinder its potential applications: (1) the inflexibility of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Yucheng Shi , Hehuan Ma , Wenliang Zhong , Qiaoyu Tan , Gengchen Mai , Xiang Li , Tianming Liu , Junzhou Huang

Prevailing methods for integrating graphs into Language Models (LMs) typically rely on a segregated architecture: external Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) encode structural topology, while LMs process textual semantics. We argue this approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Haisong Gong , Zhibo Liu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

While many EDA tasks already involve graph-based data, existing LLMs in EDA primarily either represent graphs as sequential text, or simply ignore graph-structured data that might be beneficial like dataflow graphs of RTL code. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Wei Li , Yang Zou , Christopher Ellis , Ruben Purdy , Shawn Blanton , José M. F. Moura

The growing interests and applications of graph learning in diverse domains have propelled the development of a unified model generalizing well across different graphs and tasks, known as the Graph Foundation Model (GFM). Existing research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Trung-Kien Nguyen , Heng Ping , Shixuan Li , Peiyu Zhang , Nikos Kanakaris , Nicholas Kotov , Paul Bogdan

The automation of logic circuit design enhances chip performance, energy efficiency, and reliability, and is widely applied in the field of Electronic Design Automation (EDA).And-Inverter Graphs (AIGs) efficiently represent, optimize, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Weihao Sun , Shikai Guo , Siwen Wang , Qian Ma , Hui Li

We present Simplified Text-Attributed Graph Embeddings (STAGE), a straightforward yet effective method for enhancing node features in Graph Neural Network (GNN) models that encode Text-Attributed Graphs (TAGs). Our approach leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Aaron Zolnai-Lucas , Jack Boylan , Chris Hokamp , Parsa Ghaffari

How can we best encode structured data into sequential form for use in large language models (LLMs)? In this work, we introduce a parameter-efficient method to explicitly represent structured data for LLMs. Our method, GraphToken, learns an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Bryan Perozzi , Bahare Fatemi , Dustin Zelle , Anton Tsitsulin , Mehran Kazemi , Rami Al-Rfou , Jonathan Halcrow

High-performance analog and mixed-signal (AMS) circuits are mainly full-custom designed, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. A significant portion of the effort is experience-driven, which makes the automation of AMS circuit design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yichen Shi , Zhuofu Tao , Yuhao Gao , Tianjia Zhou , Cheng Chang , Yaxing Wang , Bingyu Chen , Genhao Zhang , Alvin Liu , Zhiping Yu , Ting-Jung Lin , Lei He