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Classification imbalance arises when one class is much rarer than the other. We frame this setting as transfer learning under label (prior) shift between an imbalanced source distribution induced by the observed data and a balanced target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-16 Eric Xia , Jason M. Klusowski

Imbalanced datasets in medical imaging are characterized by skewed class proportions and scarcity of abnormal cases. When trained using such data, models tend to assign higher probabilities to normal cases, leading to biased performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Yumnah Hasan , Fatemeh Amerehi , Patrick Healy , Conor Ryan

Class imbalance in binary classification tasks remains a significant challenge in machine learning, often resulting in poor performance on minority classes. This study comprehensively evaluates three widely-used strategies for handling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Mohamed Abdelhamid , Abhyuday Desai

Class imbalanced datasets are common in real-world applications that range from credit card fraud detection to rare disease diagnostics. Several popular classification algorithms assume that classes are approximately balanced, and hence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-10 Val Andrei Fajardo , David Findlay , Roshanak Houmanfar , Charu Jaiswal , Jiaxi Liang , Honglei Xie

Financial fraud detection poses a typical challenge characterized by class imbalance, where instances of fraud are extremely rare but can lead to unpredictable economic losses if misidentified. Precisely classifying these critical minority…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Lingyun Zhong

Data imbalance, that is the disproportion between the number of training observations coming from different classes, remains one of the most significant challenges affecting contemporary machine learning. The negative impact of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Michał Koziarski

This study investigates rare event detection on tabular data within binary classification. Standard techniques to handle class imbalance include SMOTE, which generates synthetic samples from the minority class. However, SMOTE is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Abdoulaye Sakho , Emmanuel Malherbe , Carl-Erik Gauthier , Erwan Scornet

A learning classifier must outperform a trivial solution, in case of imbalanced data, this condition usually does not hold true. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel data level resampling method - Clustering Based Oversampling for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Naman D. Singh , Abhinav Dhall

Class imbalance in machine learning poses a significant challenge, as skewed datasets often hinder performance on minority classes. Traditional oversampling techniques, which are commonly used to alleviate class imbalance, have several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Sukumar Kishanthan , Asela Hevapathige

Class imbalance in supervised classification often degrades model performance by biasing predictions toward the majority class, particularly in critical applications such as medical diagnosis and fraud detection. Traditional oversampling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-16 Suman Cha , Hyunjoong Kim

Class imbalance remains a practical obstacle in the development of clinical prediction models for conditions such as diabetes mellitus, where the number of confirmed cases is often much smaller than the number of controls. The Synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Agnideep Aich , Md Monzur Murshed , Bruce Wade , Sameera Hewage

Class imbalanced problems (CIP) are one of the potential challenges in developing unbiased Machine Learning (ML) models for predictions. CIP occurs when data samples are not equally distributed between the two or multiple classes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Md Manjurul Ahsan , Shivakumar Raman , Zahed Siddique

Urban datasets such as citizen transportation modes often contain disproportionately distributed classes, posing significant challenges to the classification of under-represented samples using data-driven models. In the literature, various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Guang An Ooi , Shehab Ahmed

For several years till date, the major issues in terms of solving for classification problems are the issues of Imbalanced data. Because majority of the machine learning algorithms by default assumes all data are balanced, the algorithms do…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-12 Richmond Addo Danquah

Data rebalancing techniques, including oversampling and undersampling, are a common approach to addressing the challenges of imbalanced data. To tackle unresolved problems related to both oversampling and undersampling, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Karen Medlin , Sven Leyffer , Krishnan Raghavan

SMOTE is one of the oversampling techniques for balancing the datasets and it is considered as a pre-processing step in learning algorithms. In this paper, four new enhanced SMOTE are proposed that include an improved version of KNN in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Sima Sharifirad , Azra Nazari , Mehdi Ghatee

This paper presents the performance of a classifier built using the stackingC algorithm in nine different data sets. Each data set is generated using a sampling technique applied on the original imbalanced data set. Five new sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-20 Maureen Lyndel C. Lauron , Jaderick P. Pabico

Despite extensive research spanning several decades, class imbalance is still considered a profound difficulty for both machine learning and deep learning models. While data oversampling is the foremost technique to address this issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Sukumar Kishanthan , Asela Hevapathige

In this work, we employ the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to generate instances of the minority class of an imbalanced Coronary Artery Disease dataset. We firstly analyze the public dataset Z -- Alizadeh Sani, a dataset…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-04-09 Ioannis D. Apostolopoulos

In this research we use a data stream approach to mining data and construct Decision Tree models that predict software build outcomes in terms of software metrics that are derived from source code used in the software construction process.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-07-10 Russel Pears , Jacqui Finlay , Andy M. Connor