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In this paper, we contend that a natural objective of representation learning is to compress and transform the distribution of the data, say sets of tokens, towards a low-dimensional Gaussian mixture supported on incoherent subspaces. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Yaodong Yu , Sam Buchanan , Druv Pai , Tianzhe Chu , Ziyang Wu , Shengbang Tong , Hao Bai , Yuexiang Zhai , Benjamin D. Haeffele , Yi Ma

Realism constraints (or constraints on perceptual quality) have received considerable recent attention within the context of lossy compression, particularly of images. Theoretical studies of lossy compression indicate that high-rate common…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yassine Hamdi , Aaron B. Wagner , Deniz Gündüz

Recent efforts in neural compression have focused on the rate-distortion-perception (RDP) tradeoff, where the perception constraint ensures the source and reconstruction distributions are close in terms of a statistical divergence.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Eric Lei , Hamed Hassani , Shirin Saeedi Bidokhti

By extracting task-relevant information while maximally compressing the input, the information bottleneck (IB) principle has provided a guideline for learning effective and robust representations of the target inference. However, extending…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yuhan Wang , Youlong Wu , Shuai Ma , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang

We revisit the Gray-Wyner lossy source coding problem and derive the first-order asymptotic optimal rate-distortion-perception region when additional perception constraints are imposed on reproduced source sequences. The optimal trade-off…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Yu Yang , Yingxin Zhang , Weijie Yuan , Lin Zhou

By optimizing the rate-distortion-realism trade-off, generative compression approaches produce detailed, realistic images, even at low bit rates, instead of the blurry reconstructions produced by rate-distortion optimized models. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Eirikur Agustsson , David Minnen , George Toderici , Fabian Mentzer

Learned image compression methods have shown impressive performance but are often highly specialized for either human perception or specific machine vision tasks. This specialization limits their versatility and requires costly retraining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jinming Liu , Yuntao Wei , Junyan Lin , Shengyang Zhao , Heming Sun , Zhibo Chen , Wenjun Zeng , Xin Jin

Recent advances in machine learning-aided lossy compression are incorporating perceptual fidelity into the rate-distortion theory. In this paper, we study the rate-distortion-perception trade-off when the perceptual quality is measured by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Xueyan Niu , Deniz Gündüz , Bo Bai , Wei Han

Motivated by applications of biometric identification and content identification systems, we consider the problem of random coding for channels, where each codeword undergoes lossy compression (vector quantization), and where the decoder…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Neri Merhav

While recent neural codecs achieve strong performance at low bitrates when optimized for perceptual quality, their effectiveness deteriorates significantly under ultra-low bitrate conditions. To mitigate this, generative compression methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chuqin Zhou , Xiaoyue Ling , Yunuo Chen , Jincheng Dai , Guo Lu , Wenjun Zhang

Consider a lossy compression system with $\ell$ distributed encoders and a centralized decoder. Each encoder compresses its observed source and forwards the compressed data to the decoder for joint reconstruction of the target signals under…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Yizhong Wang , Li Xie , Xuan Zhang , Jun Chen

Most data is automatically collected and only ever "seen" by algorithms. Yet, data compressors preserve perceptual fidelity rather than just the information needed by algorithms performing downstream tasks. In this paper, we characterize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Yann Dubois , Benjamin Bloem-Reddy , Karen Ullrich , Chris J. Maddison

In image compression, with recent advances in generative modeling, the existence of a trade-off between the rate and the perceptual quality has been brought to light, where the perception is measured by the closeness of the output…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yassine Hamdi , Deniz Gündüz

Perception-aware lossy source coding has attracted significant recent interest. It augments the classical distortion criterion with an explicit perception constraint, thereby enabling more refined control over fidelity and perceptual…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Ali Hussein , Jun Chen , Chao Tian , S. Sandeep Pradhan

A composite source, consisting of multiple subsources and a memoryless switch, outputs one symbol at a time from the subsource selected by the switch. If some data should be encoded more accurately than other data from an information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Jiakun Liu , H. Vincent Poor , Iickho Song , Wenyi Zhang

A distributed lossy compression network with $L$ encoders and a decoder is considered. Each encoder observes a source and sends a compressed version to the decoder. The decoder produces a joint reconstruction of target signals with the mean…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Siyao Zhou , Sadaf Salehkalaibar , Jingjing Qian , Jun Chen , Wuxian Shi , Yiqun Ge , Wen Tong

A rate-distortion-perception (RDP) tradeoff has recently been proposed by Blau and Michaeli and also Matsumoto. Focusing on the case of perfect realism, which coincides with the problem of distribution-preserving lossy compression studied…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Aaron B. Wagner

Many information systems employ lossy compression as a crucial intermediate stage among other processing components. While the important distortion is defined by the system's input and output signals, the compression usually ignores the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Yehuda Dar , Michael Elad , Alfred M. Bruckstein

This paper is concerned with the lossy compression of general random variables, specifically with rate-distortion theory and quantization of random variables taking values in general measurable spaces such as, e.g., manifolds and fractal…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-05 Erwin Riegler , Helmut Bölcskei , Günther Koliander

Rate-distortion-perception theory generalizes Shannon's rate-distortion theory by introducing a constraint on the perceptual quality of the output. The perception constraint complements the conventional distortion constraint and aims to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Jun Chen , Lei Yu , Jia Wang , Wuxian Shi , Yiqun Ge , Wen Tong