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The rapid proliferation of Model Context Protocol (MCP)-based agentic systems has introduced a new category of security threats that existing frameworks are inadequately equipped to address. We present MCPThreatHive, an open-source platform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yi Ting Shen , Kentaroh Toyoda , Alex Leung

With the promise of accelerating software development, low-code platforms (LCPs) are becoming popular across various industries. Nevertheless, there are still barriers hindering their adoption. Among them, vendor lock-in is a major concern,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Iván Alfonso , Aaron Conrardy , Jordi Cabot

Bioinformatics tools are essential for complex computational biology tasks, yet their integration with emerging AI-agent frameworks is hindered by incompatible interfaces, heterogeneous input-output formats, and inconsistent parameter…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-03 Florensia Widjaja , Zhangtianyi Chen , Juexiao Zhou

The model context protocol (MCP) has been widely adapted as an open standard enabling the seamless integration of generative AI agents. However, recent work has shown the MCP is susceptible to retrieval-based "falsely benign" attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 John Halloran

Healthcare AI systems have historically faced challenges in merging contextual reasoning, long-term state management, and human-verifiable workflows into a cohesive framework. This paper introduces a completely innovative architecture and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Zag ElSayed , Craig Erickson , Ernest Pedapati

AI agents increasingly call external tools (file system, network, APIs) through the Model Context Protocol (MCP). These tool calls are the agent's syscalls -- privileged operations with side effects on shared state -- yet today's safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Daeyeon Son

LLM-powered coding agents increasingly rely on tool-use protocols such as the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to read and write files on a developer's workstation. When a write fails - due to content filters, truncation, or an interrupted…

This paper provides an in-depth technical analysis and implementation methodology of the open-source Agent-to-Agent (A2A) protocol developed by Google and the Model Context Protocol (MCP) introduced by Anthropic. While the evolution of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Cheonsu Jeong

In this work, we study security of Model Context Protocol (MCP) agent toolchains and their applications in smart homes. We introduce AegisMCP, a protocol-level intrusion detector. Our contributions are: (i) a minimal attack suite spanning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhonghao Zhan , Amir Al Sadi , Krinos Li , Hamed Haddadi

AI assistants can decompose multi-step workflows, but they do not natively speak industrial protocols such as Modbus, MQTT/Sparkplug B, or OPC UA, so this paper presents INDUSTRICONNECT, a prototype suite of Model Context Protocol (MCP)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Melwin Xavier , Melveena Jolly , Vaisakh M A , Midhun Xavier

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables large language models to invoke external tools through natural-language descriptions, forming the foundation of many AI agent applications. However, MCP does not enforce consistency between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhihao Li , Boyang Ma , Xuelong Dai , Minghui Xu , Yue Zhang , Biwei Yan , Kun Li

Large language model (LLM)-based AI agents extend LLM capabilities by enabling access to tools such as data sources, APIs, search engines, code sandboxes, and even other agents. While this empowers agents to perform complex tasks, LLMs may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Aarya Doshi , Yining Hong , Congying Xu , Eunsuk Kang , Alexandros Kapravelos , Christian Kästner

True intelligence requires active capability acquisition, yet current LLM agents inject pre-defined tool schemas into prompts, reducing models to passive selectors and falling short of robust general-purpose agency. We introduce MCP-Zero,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Xiang Fei , Xiawu Zheng , Hao Feng

Large language models (LLMs) underpin applications in code generation, mathematical reasoning, and agent-based workflows. In practice, systems access LLMs via commercial APIs or open-source deployments, and the model landscape (e.g., GPT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yaxuan Wang , Quan Liu , Zhenting Wang , Zichao Li , Wei Wei , Yang Liu , Yujia Bao

The Robot Context Protocol (RCP) is a lightweight, middleware-agnostic communication protocol designed to simplify the complexity of robotic systems and enable seamless interaction between robots, users, and autonomous agents. RCP provides…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Lambert Lee , Joshua Lau

Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables agents to interact with external tools, yet empirical research on MCP is hindered by the lack of large-scale, accessible datasets. We present MCPZoo, the largest and most comprehensive dataset of MCP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mengying Wu , Pei Chen , Geng Hong , Baichao An , Jinsong Chen , Binwang Wan , Xudong Pan , Jiarun Dai , Min Yang

Over the past years, TCP has gone through numerous updates to provide performance enhancement under diverse network conditions. However, with respect to losses, little can be achieved with legacy TCP detection and recovery mechanisms. Both…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Simone Ferlin , Stepan Kucera , Holger Claussen , Ozgu Alay

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold immense promise for revolutionizing financial analysis and decision-making, yet their direct application is often hampered by issues of data hallucination and lack of access to real-time, verifiable…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yifan Zeng

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open and standardized interface that enables large language models (LLMs) to interact with external tools and services, and is increasingly adopted by AI agents. However, the security of MCP-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuhang Huang , Boyang Ma , Biwei Yan , Xuelong Dai , Yechao Zhang , Minghui Xu , Kaidi Xu , Yue Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents face security vulnerabilities spanning AI-specific and traditional software domains, yet current research addresses these separately. This study bridges this gap through comparative evaluation of Function…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Tarek Gasmi , Ramzi Guesmi , Ines Belhadj , Jihene Bennaceur
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