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Knowledge graph completion (KGC) aims to predict missing facts from the observed KG. While a number of KGC models have been studied, the evaluation of KGC still remain underexplored. In this paper, we observe that existing metrics overlook…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sooho Moon , Yunyong Ko

Knowledge graphs (KGs), as structured representations of real world facts, are intelligent databases incorporating human knowledge that can help machine imitate the way of human problem solving. However, KGs are usually huge and there are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Haotian Li , Hongri Liu , Yao Wang , Guodong Xin , Yuliang Wei

Can we assess a priori how well a knowledge graph embedding will perform on a specific downstream task and in a specific part of the knowledge graph? Knowledge graph embeddings (KGEs) represent entities (e.g., "da Vinci," "Mona Lisa") and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Maximilian K. Egger , Wenyue Ma , Davide Mottin , Panagiotis Karras , Ilaria Bordino , Francesco Gullo , Aris Anagnostopoulos

Link prediction on knowledge graphs (KGs) has been extensively studied on binary relational KGs, wherein each fact is represented by a triple. A significant amount of important knowledge, however, is represented by hyper-relational facts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Bo Xiong , Mojtaba Nayyer , Shirui Pan , Steffen Staab

Knowledge graphs (KGs), structured as multi-relational data of entities and relations, are vital for tasks like data analysis and recommendation systems. Knowledge graph completion (KGC), or link prediction, addresses incompleteness of KGs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Huiling Zhu , Yingqi Zeng

Knowledge base completion (KBC) methods aim at inferring missing facts from the information present in a knowledge base (KB) by estimating the likelihood of candidate facts. In the prevailing evaluation paradigm, models do not actually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Marina Speranskaya , Martin Schmitt , Benjamin Roth

Knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models encode the structural information of knowledge graphs to predicting new links. Effective training of these models requires distinguishing between positive and negative samples with high precision.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Makoto Takamoto , Daniel Oñoro-Rubio , Wiem Ben Rim , Takashi Maruyama , Bhushan Kotnis

With the large volume of new information created every day, determining the validity of information in a knowledge graph and filling in its missing parts are crucial tasks for many researchers and practitioners. To address this challenge, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Baoxu Shi , Tim Weninger

Knowledge graph embedding has been an active research topic for knowledge base completion (KGC), with progressive improvement from the initial TransE, TransH, RotatE et al to the current state-of-the-art QuatE. However, QuatE ignores the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Haipeng Gao , Kun Yang , Yuxue Yang , Rufai Yusuf Zakari , Jim Wilson Owusu , Ke Qin

The incompleteness of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) is a crucial issue affecting the quality of AI-based services. In the scholarly domain, KGs describing research publications typically lack important information, hindering our ability to analyse…

Some of the most successful knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models for link prediction -- CP, RESCAL, TuckER, ComplEx -- can be interpreted as energy-based models. Under this perspective they are not amenable for exact maximum-likelihood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Lorenzo Loconte , Nicola Di Mauro , Robert Peharz , Antonio Vergari

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have found many applications in industry and academic settings, which in turn, have motivated considerable research efforts towards large-scale information extraction from a variety of sources. Despite such efforts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Andrea Rossi , Donatella Firmani , Antonio Matinata , Paolo Merialdo , Denilson Barbosa

Embedding knowledge graphs (KGs) into continuous vector spaces is a focus of current research. Early works performed this task via simple models developed over KG triples. Recent attempts focused on either designing more complicated triple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Boyang Ding , Quan Wang , Bin Wang , Li Guo

Knowledge graphs represent information as structured triples and serve as the backbone for a wide range of applications, including question answering, link prediction, and recommendation systems. A prominent line of research for exploring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rita T. Sousa , Heiko Paulheim

Knowledge graph (KG) embedding encodes the entities and relations from a KG into low-dimensional vector spaces to support various applications such as KG completion, question answering, and recommender systems. In real world, knowledge…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Tianxing Wu , Arijit Khan , Melvin Yong , Guilin Qi , Meng Wang

Knowledge embeddings (KE) represent a knowledge graph (KG) by embedding entities and relations into continuous vector spaces. Existing methods are mainly structure-based or description-based. Structure-based methods learn representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Xintao Wang , Qianyu He , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

Ensemble methods are widely employed to improve generalization in machine learning. This has also prompted the adoption of ensemble learning for the knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models in performing link prediction. Typical approaches to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Rupesh Sapkota , Caglar Demir , Arnab Sharma , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

The link prediction task on knowledge graphs without explicit negative triples in the training data motivates the usage of rank-based metrics. Here, we review existing rank-based metrics and propose desiderata for improved metrics to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Charles Tapley Hoyt , Max Berrendorf , Mikhail Galkin , Volker Tresp , Benjamin M. Gyori

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) enable applications in various domains such as semantic search, recommendation systems, and natural language processing. KGs are often incomplete, missing entities and relations, an issue addressed by Knowledge Graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Haji Gul , Abul Ghani Naim , Ajaz Ahmad Bhat

The task of link prediction for knowledge graphs is to predict missing relationships between entities. Knowledge graph embedding, which aims to represent entities and relations of a knowledge graph as low dimensional vectors in a continuous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yanhui Peng , Jing Zhang