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This technical report presents QwenLong-CPRS, a context compression framework designed for explicit long-context optimization, addressing prohibitive computation overhead during the prefill stage and the "lost in the middle" performance…

Agentic language model (LM) systems power modern applications like "Deep Research" and "Claude Code," and leverage multi-LM architectures to overcome context limitations. Beneath their apparent diversity lies a recurring pattern: smaller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Shizhe He , Avanika Narayan , Ishan S. Khare , Scott W. Linderman , Christopher Ré , Dan Biderman

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks without weight updates by learning from demonstration sequences. While ICL shows strong empirical performance, its internal representational mechanisms are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiachen Jiang , Yuxin Dong , Jinxin Zhou , Zhihui Zhu

Processing long contexts presents a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). While recent advancements allow LLMs to handle much longer contexts than before (e.g., 32K or 128K tokens), it is computationally expensive and can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Hongjin Qian , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang , Kelong Mao , Defu Lian , Zhicheng Dou , Tiejun Huang

This paper presents a context key/value compression method for Transformer language models in online scenarios, where the context continually expands. As the context lengthens, the attention process demands increasing memory and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jang-Hyun Kim , Junyoung Yeom , Sangdoo Yun , Hyun Oh Song

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become an essential approach for extending the reasoning and knowledge capacity of large language models (LLMs). While prior research has primarily focused on retrieval quality and prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiamin Chen , Yuchen Li , Xinyu Ma , Xinran Chen , Xiaokun Zhang , Shuaiqiang Wang , Chen Ma , Dawei Yin

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in long-horizon tasks by interleaving reasoning with tool use. However, as these agents scale to complex workflows such as software engineering and open-ended research,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Junde Wu , Minhao Hu , Jiayuan Zhu , Jiazhen Pan , Yuyuan Liu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin

Recently, many methods have been developed to extend the context length of pre-trained large language models (LLMs), but they often require fine-tuning at the target length ($\gg4K$) and struggle to effectively utilize information from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Tong Wu , Yanpeng Zhao , Zilong Zheng

LLM context is not just tokens; it is a set of commitments. Long-running conversations accumulate goals, constraints, decisions, preferences, tool results, retrieved evidence, artifacts, and safety boundaries that future responses must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Natalia Trukhina , Vadim Vashkelis

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI, but are constrained by limited context windows, hindering their utility in tasks like extended conversations and document analysis. To enable using context beyond limited context windows,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Charles Packer , Sarah Wooders , Kevin Lin , Vivian Fang , Shishir G. Patil , Ion Stoica , Joseph E. Gonzalez

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in long-context scenarios is hindered by computational inefficiency and significant information redundancy. Although recent advancements have widely adopted context compression to address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kangtao Lv , Jiwei Tang , Langming Liu , Haibin Chen , Weidong Zhang , Shilei Liu , Yongwei Wang , Yujin Yuan , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown outstanding performance across a variety of tasks, partly due to advanced prompting techniques. However, these techniques often require lengthy prompts, which increase computational costs and can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Jinwu Hu , Wei Zhang , Yufeng Wang , Yu Hu , Bin Xiao , Mingkui Tan , Qing Du

Large language models (LLMs) based on Transformer have been widely applied in the filed of natural language processing (NLP), demonstrating strong performance, particularly in handling short text tasks. However, when it comes to long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yijun Liu , Jinzheng Yu , Yang Xu , Zhongyang Li , Qingfu Zhu

LLMs face significant challenges in systematic generalization, particularly when dealing with reasoning tasks requiring compositional rules and handling out-of-distribution examples. To address these challenges, we introduce an in-context…

Contextual optimization enhances decision quality by leveraging side information to improve predictions of uncertain parameters. However, existing approaches face significant challenges when dealing with multimodal or mixtures of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-19 YoungChul Yoon , Grani A. Hanasusanto , Yijie Wang

High-quality relevance judgements over large query sets are essential for evaluating Information Retrieval (IR) systems, yet manual annotation remains costly and time-consuming. Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown promise as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-07 David Otero , Javier Parapar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling long context inputs, but this comes at the cost of increased computational resources and latency. Our research introduces a novel approach for the long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Zhenmei Shi , Yifei Ming , Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Yingyu Liang , Shafiq Joty

Reasoning-centric large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance by generating intermediate reasoning trajectories, but often incur excessive token usage and high inference-time decoding cost. We observe that, when solving the same…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Han Yang , Mingyan Wu , Bailan He , Zeyu Cao , Sikuan Yan , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Zifeng Ding

Large language models (LLMs) often fail to scale their performance on long-context tasks performance in line with the context lengths they support. This gap is commonly attributed to retrieval failures -- the models' inability to identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yufeng Du , Minyang Tian , Srikanth Ronanki , Subendhu Rongali , Sravan Bodapati , Aram Galstyan , Azton Wells , Roy Schwartz , Eliu A Huerta , Hao Peng

The long-context capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have been a hot topic in recent years. To evaluate the performance of LLMs in different scenarios, various assessment benchmarks have emerged. However, as most of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shawn Gavin , Tuney Zheng , Jiaheng Liu , Quehry Que , Noah Wang , Jian Yang , Chenchen Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Ge Zhang