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While integrating speech encoder with LLM requires substantial data and resources, use cases face limitations due to insufficient availability. To address this, we propose a solution with a parameter-efficient adapter that converts speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jaekwon Yoo , Kunal Chandiramani , Divya Tadimeti , Abenezer Girma , Chandra Dhir

Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation is critical in spatial audio and acoustic signal processing, with wide-ranging applications in real-world. Most existing DOA models are trained on synthetic data by convolving clean speech with room…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Haowen Li , Zhengding Luo , Dongyuan Shi , Boxiang Wang , Junwei Ji , Ziyi Yang , Woon-Seng Gan

Despite recent advancements in speech processing, zero-resource speech translation (ST) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) remain challenging problems. In this work, we propose to leverage a multilingual Large Language Model (LLM) to…

Spatial reasoning is fundamental to auditory perception, yet current audio large language models (ALLMs) largely rely on unstructured binaural cues and single step inference. This limits both perceptual accuracy in direction and distance…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Subrata Biswas , Mohammad Nur Hossain Khan , Bashima Islam

Text-to-audio (TTA) systems have recently demonstrated strong performance in synthesizing monaural audio from text. However, the task of generating binaural spatial audio from text, which provides a more immersive auditory experience by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Linfeng Feng , Lei Zhao , Boyu Zhu , Xiao-Lei Zhang , Xuelong Li

Direction-of-arrival estimation of multiple speakers in a room is an important task for a wide range of applications. In particular, challenging environments with moving speakers, reverberation and noise, lead to significant performance…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-24 Daniel A. Mitchell , Boaz Rafaely , Anurag Kumar , Vladimir Tourbabin

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), intelligent conversational assistants have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains. However, they still mainly rely on explicit textual input and do not know…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Ziyan Zhang , Nan Gao , Zhiqiang Nie , Shantanu Pal , Haining Zhang

The success of large language models (LLMs) has prompted efforts to integrate speech and audio data, aiming to create general foundation models capable of processing both textual and non-textual inputs. Recent advances, such as GPT-4o,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Fan Bu , Yuhao Zhang , Xidong Wang , Benyou Wang , Qun Liu , Haizhou Li

We present Spatial LibriSpeech, a spatial audio dataset with over 650 hours of 19-channel audio, first-order ambisonics, and optional distractor noise. Spatial LibriSpeech is designed for machine learning model training, and it includes…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve strong performance by jointly processing inputs from multiple modalities, such as vision, audio, and language. However, building such models or extending them to new modalities often requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Md Kaykobad Reza , Ameya Patil , Edward Ayrapetian , M. Salman Asif

In this paper we examine the use of semantically-aligned speech representations for end-to-end spoken language understanding (SLU). We employ the recently-introduced SAMU-XLSR model, which is designed to generate a single embedding that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Gaëlle Laperrière , Valentin Pelloin , Mickaël Rouvier , Themos Stafylakis , Yannick Estève

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) aims to convert human speech content into corresponding text. In conversational scenarios, effectively utilizing context can enhance its accuracy. Large Language Models' (LLMs) exceptional long-context…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Bingshen Mu , Hexin Liu , Hongfei Xue , Kun Wei , Lei Xie

Large language models have proven themselves highly flexible, able to solve a wide range of generative tasks, such as abstractive summarization and open-ended question answering. In this paper we extend the capabilities of LLMs by directly…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-25 Yassir Fathullah , Chunyang Wu , Egor Lakomkin , Junteng Jia , Yuan Shangguan , Ke Li , Jinxi Guo , Wenhan Xiong , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli , Christian Fuegen , Mike Seltzer

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems remain brittle on dysarthric and other atypical speech. Recent audio-language models raise the possibility of improving performance by conditioning on additional clinical context at inference time,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Pehuén Moure , Niclas Pokel , Bilal Bounajma , Yingqiang Gao , Roman Boehringer , Longbiao Cheng , Shih-Chii Liu

To enhance immersive experiences, binaural audio offers spatial awareness of sounding objects in AR, VR, and embodied AI applications. While existing audio spatialization methods can generally map any available monaural audio to binaural…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tianrui Pan , Jie Liu , Zewen Huang , Jie Tang , Gangshan Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable ability to process not only text but also multimodal inputs such as speech and audio. However, most existing models primarily focus on analyzing input signals using text…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Junyi Ao , Dekun Chen , Xiaohai Tian , Wenjie Feng , Jun Zhang , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang , Haizhou Li , Zhizheng Wu

During the Covid, online meetings have become an indispensable part of our lives. This trend is likely to continue due to their convenience and broad reach. However, background noise from other family members, roommates, office-mates not…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Wei Sun , Mei Wang , Lili Qiu

Automatic speech recognition systems have undoubtedly advanced with the integration of multilingual and multitask models such as Whisper, which have shown a promising ability to understand and process speech across a wide range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Xabier de Zuazo , Eva Navas , Ibon Saratxaga , Inma Hernáez Rioja

This paper investigates discrete and continuous speech representations in Large Language Model (LLM)-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), organizing them by feature continuity and training approach into four categories: supervised and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yaoxun Xu , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Jianwei Yu , Zhiyong Wu , Dong Yu

Precise spatial modeling in the operating room (OR) is foundational to many clinical tasks, supporting intraoperative awareness, hazard avoidance, and surgical decision-making. While existing approaches leverage large-scale multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Peiqi He , Zhenhao Zhang , Yixiang Zhang , Xiongjun Zhao , Shaoliang Peng