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Large Language Models (LLMs) are being adopted at an unprecedented rate, yet still face challenges in knowledge-intensive domains like biomedicine. Solutions such as pre-training and domain-specific fine-tuning add substantial computational…

Large language models with retrieval-augmented generation encounter a pivotal challenge in intricate retrieval tasks, e.g., multi-hop question answering, which requires the model to navigate across multiple documents and generate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Weijie Chen , Ting Bai , Jinbo Su , Jian Luan , Wei Liu , Chuan Shi

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has demonstrated its ability to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources. However, multi-hop questions, which require the identification of multiple knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuchen Yan , Peiyan Zhang , Zhihua Liu , Hao Wang , Yatao Bian , Weiming Li , Xiaoshuai Hao

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enriches large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge for long-context understanding and multi-hop reasoning, but existing methods face a granularity dilemma: fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yaxiong Wu , Jianyuan Bo , Yongyue Zhang , Sheng Liang , Yong Liu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal LLMs have been remarkable. However, these models still rely solely on their parametric knowledge, which limits their ability to generate up-to-date information and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zihan Ling , Zhiyao Guo , Yixuan Huang , Yi An , Shuai Xiao , Jinsong Lan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to impressive progress in natural language generation, yet their tendency to produce hallucinated or unsubstantiated content remains a critical concern. To improve factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xukai Liu , Ye Liu , Shiwen Wu , Yanghai Zhang , Yihao Yuan , Kai Zhang , Qi Liu

Reasoning over knowledge graphs (KGs) is a challenging task that requires a deep understanding of the complex relationships between entities and the underlying logic of their relations. Current approaches rely on learning geometries to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Nurendra Choudhary , Chandan K. Reddy

We introduce a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for translating user questions into accurate federated SPARQL queries over bioinformatics knowledge graphs (KGs) leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs). To enhance accuracy and…

In this work we study various Retrieval Augmented Regeneration (RAG) approaches to gain an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach in a question-answering analysis. To gain this understanding we use a case-study…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Audun Myers , Max Vargas , Sinan G. Aksoy , Cliff Joslyn , Benjamin Wilson , Lee Burke , Tom Grimes

To address the issues of insufficient knowledge and hallucination in Large Language Models (LLMs), numerous studies have explored integrating LLMs with Knowledge Graphs (KGs). However, these methods are typically evaluated on conventional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yao Xu , Shizhu He , Jiabei Chen , Zihao Wang , Yangqiu Song , Hanghang Tong , Guang Liu , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Visual Question Answering (VQA) focuses on providing answers to natural language questions by utilizing information from images. Although cutting-edge multimodal large language models (MLLMs) such as GPT-4o achieve strong performance on VQA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Zhengxuan Zhang , Yin Wu , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) shows impressive performance by supplementing and substituting parametric knowledge in Large Language Models (LLMs). Retrieved knowledge can be divided into three types: explicit answer evidence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zhichao Yan , Jiapu Wang , Jiaoyan Chen , Yanyan Wang , Hongye Tan , Jiye Liang , Xiaoli Li , Ru Li , Jeff Z. Pan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning abilities in complex tasks. However, they lack up-to-date knowledge and experience hallucinations during reasoning, which can lead to incorrect reasoning processes and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Linhao Luo , Yuan-Fang Li , Gholamreza Haffari , Shirui Pan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been shown to enhance the factual accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs), but existing methods often suffer from limited reasoning capabilities in effectively using the retrieved evidence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Shayekh Bin Islam , Md Asib Rahman , K S M Tozammel Hossain , Enamul Hoque , Shafiq Joty , Md Rizwan Parvez

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have shown promise in enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these systems face challenges in effectively integrating external knowledge with the LLM's internal…

Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

In recent years, Natural Language Processing (NLP) has played a significant role in various Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications such as chatbots, text generation, and language translation. The emergence of large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Amanda Kau , Xuzeng He , Aishwarya Nambissan , Aland Astudillo , Hui Yin , Amir Aryani

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Code-LLMs (CLLMs) have significantly improved code generation, but, they frequently face difficulties when dealing with challenging and complex problems. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by retrieving external data to mitigate hallucinations and outdated knowledge issues. Benefiting from the strong ability in facilitating diverse data sources and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Tianzhe Zhao , Jiaoyan Chen , Yanchi Ru , Haiping Zhu , Nan Hu , Jun Liu , Qika Lin

The preservation of intangible cultural heritage is a critical challenge as collective memory fades over time. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue for generating engaging narratives, their propensity for factual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Naga Sowjanya Barla , Jacopo de Berardinis
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