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Because of the pervasive usage of Neural Networks in human sensitive applications, their interpretability is becoming an increasingly important topic in machine learning. In this work we introduce a simple way to interpret the output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Stefano Zamuner , Paolo De Los Rios

Modeling the behavior of coupled networks is challenging due to their intricate dynamics. For example in neuroscience, it is of critical importance to understand the relationship between the functional neural processes and anatomical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Hongyuan You , Sikun Lin , Ambuj K. Singh

Predictive coding is an influential theory of cortical function which posits that the principal computation the brain performs, which underlies both perception and learning, is the minimization of prediction errors. While motivated by…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-13 Beren Millidge , Alexander Tschantz , Anil Seth , Christopher L Buckley

A combinatorial neural code is a subset of the power set $2^{[n]}$ on $[n]=\{1,\dots, n\}$, in which each $1\leq i\leq n$ represents a neuron and each element (codeword) represents the co-firing event of some neurons. Consider a space…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-05 R. Amzi Jeffs , Trong-Thuc Trang

The lack of interpretability and transparency are preventing economists from using advanced tools like neural networks in their empirical research. In this paper, we propose a class of interpretable neural network models that can achieve…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-12-01 Yucheng Yang , Zhong Zheng , Weinan E

Neural networks are often described as black boxes, reflecting the significant challenge of understanding their internal workings and interactions. We propose a different perspective that challenges the prevailing view: rather than being…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Shuchen Wu , Stephan Alaniz , Shyamgopal Karthik , Peter Dayan , Eric Schulz , Zeynep Akata

This paper explores the integration of Diophantine equations into neural network (NN) architectures to improve model interpretability, stability, and efficiency. By encoding and decoding neural network parameters as integer solutions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Ronald Katende

Interpretability is a pressing issue for machine learning. Common approaches to interpretable machine learning constrain interactions between features of the input, rendering the effects of those features on a model's output comprehensible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Kieran A. Murphy , Dani S. Bassett

Though modern neural networks have achieved impressive performance in both vision and language tasks, we know little about the functions that they implement. One possibility is that neural networks implicitly break down complex tasks into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Michael A. Lepori , Thomas Serre , Ellie Pavlick

In complex inferential tasks like question answering, machine learning models must confront two challenges: the need to implement a compositional reasoning process, and, in many applications, the need for this reasoning process to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Ronghang Hu , Jacob Andreas , Trevor Darrell , Kate Saenko

The interpretability of neural networks (NNs) is a challenging but essential topic for transparency in the decision-making process using machine learning. One of the reasons for the lack of interpretability is random weight initialization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Shohei Kubota , Hideaki Hayashi , Tomohiro Hayase , Seiichi Uchida

We introduce the factor complex of a neural code, and show how intervals and maximal codewords are captured by the combinatorics of factor complexes. We use these results to obtain algebraic and combinatorial characterizations of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-22 Alexander Ruys de Perez , Laura Felicia Matusevich , Anne Shiu

In the study of neural network interpretability, there is growing evidence to suggest that relevant features are encoded across many neurons in a distributed fashion. Making sense of these distributed representations without knowledge of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Kyle Reing , Greg Ver Steeg , Aram Galstyan

Fully Connected Neural Networks (FCNNs) are often regarded as simple and intuitive architectures, yet they serve as the foundation for more complex models. Nonetheless, the lack of consensus on their interpretability continues to pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Thodoris Lymperopoulos , Denia Kanellopoulou

Attention mechanism plays a more and more important role in point cloud analysis and channel attention is one of the hotspots. With so much channel information, it is difficult for neural networks to screen useful channel information. Thus,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Guoquan Xu , Hezhi Cao , Yifan Zhang , Jianwei Wan , Ke Xu , Yanxin Ma

With the continue development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), there is a growing concern regarding representations that they encode internally. Analyzing these internal representations is referred to as model interpretation. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Hamed Behzadi-Khormouji , José Oramas

Neural networks posses the crucial ability to generate meaningful representations of task-dependent features. Indeed, with appropriate scaling, supervised learning in neural networks can result in strong, task-dependent feature learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Alexander van Meegen , Haim Sompolinsky

Representation learning, and interpreting learned representations, are key areas of focus in machine learning and neuroscience. Both fields generally use representations as a means to understand or improve a system's computations. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Andrew Kyle Lampinen , Stephanie C. Y. Chan , Katherine Hermann

We consider the problem of interpretable network representation learning for samples of network-valued data. We propose the Principal Component Analysis for Networks (PCAN) algorithm to identify statistically meaningful low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-29 James D. Wilson , Jihui Lee

This paper presents an unsupervised method to learn a neural network, namely an explainer, to interpret a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN), i.e., the explainer uses interpretable visual concepts to explain features in middle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Quanshi Zhang , Yu Yang , Ying Nian Wu