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The spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) [D. Pierangeli et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 213902 (2019)] is a promising optical architecture utilizing spatial light modulation for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-08-09 Hiroshi Yamashita , Ken-ichi Okubo , Suguru Shimomura , Yusuke Ogura , Jun Tanida , Hideyuki Suzuki

Recently, purpose-built analog hardware that can efficiently minimize the Ising energy and thereby solve a variety of combinatorial optimization problems has been receiving widespread attention. In this work, we show how multidimensional,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-04-02 Marvin Syed , Richard Zhipeng Wang , Natalia G. Berloff

A coherent Ising machine (CIM) is known to deliver the low-energy states of the Ising model. Here, we investigate how well the CIM simulates the thermodynamic properties of a two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model. Assuming that the…

Over the past two decades, photonic inverse design has emerged as a powerful approach to implement photonic devices with improved performance, or realize new functionalities. While the efforts over the first decade focused on proof of…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-24 Louise Schul , Sydney Mason , Sungjun Eun , Geun Ho Ahn , Jelena Vučković

Oscillator Ising machines (OIMs) are often viewed as physical systems that perform gradient descent on an energy landscape encoding Ising solutions. Here, we show that this interpretation is not generic and breaks down in a broad class of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Abir Hasan , E. M. Hasantha Ekanayake , Kyle Lee , Kerem Camsari , Nikhil Shukla

We introduce an intermediate quantum computing model built from translation-invariant Ising-interacting spins. Despite being non-universal, the model cannot be classically efficiently simulated unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-01 Xun Gao , Sheng-Tao Wang , Lu-Ming Duan

This paper proposes a space-division multiplexed spatial-photonic Ising machine (SDM-SPIM) that physically calculates the weighted sum of the Ising Hamiltonians for individual components in a multi-component model. Space-division…

We implement a stacking strategy in designing chiral metasurfaces with high rotational symmetry, enabling quasi-bound-in-the-continuum (quasi-BIC) resonances characterized by absolute chirality. The rotational symmetry allows a circularly…

Optics · Physics 2024-07-30 Dmitrii Gromyko , Jun Siang Loh , Jiangang Feng , Cheng-Wei Qiu , Lin Wu

Coherent Ising Machine (CIM) is a network of optical parametric oscillators that can solve large-scale combinatorial optimisation problems by finding the ground state of an Ising Hamiltonian. As a practical application of CIM, Aonishi et…

We explore the potential of spatial-photonic Ising machines (SPIMs) to address computationally intensive Ising problems that employ low-rank and circulant coupling matrices. Our results indicate that the performance of SPIMs is critically…

Computational workloads are growing exponentially, driving power consumption to unsustainable levels. Efficiently distributing large-scale networks is an NP-Complete problem equivalent to Boolean satisfiability (SAT), making it one of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Everest Bloomer , Irem Didin , Ching-Yi Lin , Sahil Shah

Polarization-based vision has gained increasing attention for providing richer physical cues beyond RGB images. While achieving single-shot capture is highly desirable for practical applications, existing Division-of-Focal-Plane (DoFP)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shuangfan Zhou , Chu Zhou , Heng Guo , Youwei Lyu , Boxin Shi , Zhanyu Ma , Imari Sato

An Ising model is defined by a quadratic objective function known as the Hamiltonian, composed of spin variables that can take values of either $-1$ or $+1$. The goal is to assign spin values to these variables in a way that minimizes the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Shunsuke Tsukiyama , Koji Nakano , Xiaotian Li , Yasuaki Ito , Takumi Kato , Yuya Kawamata

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence, coupled with the slowing of Moore's law, is straining computing infrastructure, as CMOS electronics face inherent limits in bandwidth, energy efficiency, and parallelism. Integrated photonic…

Ising machines exploit the natural dynamics of physical systems to minimize the Ising Hamiltonian and thereby address computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems. This paradigm has motivated a range of physical implementations.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Abir Hasan , Nikhil Shukla

We consider the problem of digital halftoning from the view point of statistical mechanics. The digital halftoning is a sort of image processing, namely, representing each grayscale in terms of black and white binary dots. The digital…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2010-11-09 Jun-ichi Inoue , Yohei Saika , Masato Okada

Analog Ising machines are dedicated hardware solvers designed to solve NP hard optimization problems. However, the global optimum is often not found as the system gets stuck in local minima. While several strategies exist to increase the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Leen Mys , Guy Verschaffelt , Guy Van der Sande

We explore the phase diagram of Ising spins on one-dimensional chains which criss-cross in two perpendicular directions and which are connected by interchain couplings. This system is of interest as a simpler, classical analog of a quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-10-18 T. Cary , R. R. P. Singh , R. T. Scalettar

Quantum annealing aims at solving optimization problems efficiently by preparing the ground state of an Ising spin-Hamiltonian quantum mechanically. A prerequisite of building a quantum annealer is the implementation of programmable…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2020-11-10 Xingze Qiu , Peter Zoller , Xiaopeng Li

Coupled parametric oscillators were recently employed as simulators of artificial Ising networks, with the potential to solve computationally hard minimization problems. We demonstrate a new dynamical regime within the simplest network -…