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Dynamical Ising machines achieve accelerated solving of complex combinatorial optimization problems by remapping the convergence to the ground state of the classical spin networks to the evolution of specially constructed continuous…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Aditya Shukla , Mikhail Erementchouk , Pinaki Mazumder

The coherent Ising machine (CIM) enables efficient sampling of low-lying energy states of the Ising Hamiltonian with all-to-all connectivity by encoding the spins in the amplitudes of pulsed modes in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-22 Egor S. Tiunov , Alexander E. Ulanov , A. I. Lvovsky

A spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) handles large-scale combinatorial optimization problems owing to optical processing with spatial parallelism. However, iterative feedback in the search for optimal solutions limits processing speed…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-27 Suguru Shimomura , Jun Tanida , Yusuke Ogura

We propose a parallel version of the cross interpolation algorithm and apply it to calculate high-dimensional integrals motivated by Ising model in quantum physics. In contrast to mainstream approaches, such as Monte Carlo and quasi Monte…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-27 Sergey Dolgov , Dmitry Savostyanov

Analog computing using bosonic computational states is a leading approach to surpassing the computational speed and energy limitations of von Neumann architectures. But the challenges of manufacturing large-scale photonic integrated…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-22 Farhad Khosravi , Martin Perreault , Artur Scherer , Pooya Ronagh

Ising machines (IM) have recently been proposed as unconventional hardware-based computation accelerators for solving NP-hard problems. In this work, we present a model for a time-multiplexed IM based on the nonlinear oscillations in a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Roman V. Ovcharov , Victor H. González , Artem Litvinenko , Johan Åkerman , Roman S. Khymyn

It has recently been shown that optical parametric oscillator (OPO) Ising machines, consisting of coupled optical pulses circulating in a cavity with parametric gain, can be used to probabilistically find low-energy states of Ising spin…

Various combinatorial optimization NP-hard problems can be reduced to finding the minimizer of an Ising model, which is a discrete mathematical model. It is an intellectual challenge to develop some mathematical tools or algorithms for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Bowen Liu , Kaizhi Wang , Dongmei Xiao , Zhan Yu

Ising machines are dedicated hardware solvers of NP-hard optimization problems. However, they do not always find the most optimal solution. The probability of finding this optimal solution depends on the problem at hand. Using continuation…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-12-10 Jacob Lamers , Guy Verschaffelt , Guy Van der Sande

Oscillator Ising Machines (OIMs) and probabilistic bit (p-bit)-based computing platforms have emerged as promising paradigms for tackling complex combinatorial optimization problems. Although traditionally viewed as distinct approaches,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 E. M. Hasantha Ekanayake , Nikhat Khan , Nikhil Shukla

Nonlinear dynamical systems such as coupled oscillators are being actively investigated as Ising machines for solving computationally hard problems in combinatorial optimization. Prior works have established the equivalence between the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-19 Mohammad Khairul Bashar , Zongli Lin , Nikhil Shukla

Hardware implementations of the Ising model offer promising solutions to large-scale optimization tasks. In the literature, various nanodevices have been shown to emulate the spin dynamics for such Ising machines with remarkable…

Spin glasses featured by frustrated interactions and metastable states have important applications in chemistry, material sciences and artificial neural networks. However, the solution of the spin glass models is hindered by the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-10-24 Weiru Fan , Yuxuan Sun , Xingqi Xu , Da-Wei Wang , Shi-Yao Zhu , Hai-Qing Lin

A high temperature expansion is employed to map some complex anisotropic nonhermitian three and four dimensional Ising models with algebraic long range interactions into a solvable two dimensional variant. We also address the dimensional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Z. Nussinov

The design of nonlinear dynamical systems whose gradient flows minimize the Ising Hamiltonian has emerged as a compelling paradigm for realizing Ising machines, forming the foundation of architectures including coherent Ising machines,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 E. M. Hasantha Ekanayake , Arvind R. Venkatakrishnan , Francesco Bullo , Nikhil Shukla

Ising machines are a promising non-von-Neumann computational concept for neural network training and combinatorial optimization. However, while various neural networks can be implemented with Ising machines, their inability to perform fast…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-10-05 Fabian Böhm , Diego Alonso-Urquijo , Guy Verschaffelt , Guy Van der Sande

Machine learning for phase transition has received intensive research interest in recent years. However, its application in percolation still remains challenging. We propose an auxiliary Ising mapping method for machine learning study of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-03-08 Junyin Zhang , Bo Zhang , Junyi Xu , Wanzhou Zhang , Youjin Deng

Solving large-scale computationally hard optimization problems using existing computers has hit a bottleneck. A promising alternative approach uses physics-based phenomena to naturally solve optimization problems wherein the physical…

Ising Machines (IMs) are physical systems designed to find solutions to combinatorial optimization (CO) problems mapped onto the IM via the coupling strengths of its binary spins. Using the intrinsic dynamics and different annealing…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-06-04 Afshin Houshang , Mohammad Zahedinejad , Shreyas Muralidhar , Jakub Checinski , Ahmad A. Awad , Johan Åkerman

We propose and demonstrate a nonlinear optics approach to emulate Ising machines containing up to a million spins and with tailored two and four-body interactions with all-to-all connections. It uses a spatial light modulator to encode and…

Optics · Physics 2020-10-21 Santosh Kumar , He Zhang , Yu-Ping Huang