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The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm, designed to calculate the energy of molecular ground states on near-term quantum computers, requires specification of symmetries that describe the system, e.g. spin state and number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-18 Gabriel Greene-Diniz , David Muñoz Ramo

The analysis of a chemical reaction along the ground state potential energy surface in conjunction with an unknown spin state is challenging because electronic states must be separately computed several times using different spin…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Soichi Shirai , Hokuto Iwakiri , Keita Kanno , Takahiro Horiba , Keita Omiya , Hirotoshi Hirai , Sho Koh

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most appealing quantum algorithms to simulate electronic structure properties of molecules on near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. In this work, we generalize the VQE…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-09 Jie Liu , Lingyun Wan , Zhenyu Li , Jinlong Yang

Quantum spin systems may offer the first opportunities for beyond-classical quantum computations of scientific interest. While general quantum simulation algorithms likely require error-corrected qubits, there may be applications of…

Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) provides a lucrative platform to determine molecular energetics in near-term quantum devices. While the VQE is traditionally tailored to determine the ground state wavefunction with the underlying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Dibyendu Mondal , Rahul Maitra

Near-term quantum computers will be limited in the number of qubits on which they can process information as well as the depth of the circuits that they can coherently carry out. To-date, experimental demonstrations of algorithms such as…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Joel Bierman , Yingzhou Li , Jianfeng Lu

We propose an extension of the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) that leads to more accurate energy estimations and can be used to study excited states. The method is based on the introduction of a sequence of increasing penalties in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-17 Rodolfo Carobene , Stefano Barison , Andrea Giachero

The emerging field of quantum simulation of many-body systems is widely recognized as a very important application of quantum computing. A crucial step towards its realization in the context of many-electron systems requires a rigorous…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-08-23 Sumeet , V. S. Prasannaa , B. P. Das , B. K. Sahoo

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), as a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm, is an important tool for effective quantum computing in the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. However, the traditional hardware-efficient…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-11-20 Shaohui Yao , Wenyu Wang

We develop an extension of the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm - multistate, contracted VQE (MC-VQE) - that allows for the efficient computation of the transition energies between the ground state and several low-lying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-19 Robert M. Parrish , Edward G. Hohenstein , Peter L. McMahon , Todd J. Martinez

Ab initio electronic excited state calculations are necessary for the quantitative study of photochemical reactions, but their accurate computation on classical computers is plagued by prohibitive scaling. The Variational Quantum Deflation…

The variational quantum eigensolver (or VQE) uses the variational principle to compute the ground state energy of a Hamiltonian, a problem that is central to quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics. Conventional computing methods are…

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), a variational algorithm to obtain an approximated ground state of a given Hamiltonian, is an appealing application of near-term quantum computers. The original work [A. Peruzzo et al.; \textit{Nat.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-06 Ken M Nakanishi , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm designed for current and near-term quantum devices. Despite its initial success, there is a lack of understanding involving several of its key aspects. There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Manpreet Singh Jattana , Fengping Jin , Hans De Raedt , Kristel Michielsen

The accurate prediction and understanding of molecular energy and chemical reactivity are fundamental pursuits in the field of molecular quantum chemistry. With the limitations of the current noisy intermediate scale quantum computer (NISQ)…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-04-04 Abdul Kalam , Ashok Kumar , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

The ground state search problem is central to quantum computing, with applications spanning quantum chemistry, condensed matter physics, and optimization. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) has shown promise for small systems but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Alexander Holden , Moinul Hossain Rahat , Nii Osae Osae Dade

The Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are hybrid quantum-classical algorithms and they can be used in the Nosiy Intermadiate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devises. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) was suggested as a first VQA. VQE is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Murat Kurt , Ayda Kaltehei , Selçuk Çakmak , Azmi Gençten

The realization of quantum advantage with noisy-intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines has become one of the major challenges in computational sciences. Maintaining coherence of a physical system with more than ten qubits is a critical…

We present a quantum information-inspired ansatz for the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and demonstrate its efficacy in calculating ground-state energies of atomic systems. Instead of adopting a heuristic approach, we start with an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Abdul Kalam , Prasenjit Deb , Akitada Sakurai , B. K. Sahoo , V. S. Prasannaa , B. P. Das

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a promising algorithm suitable for near-term quantum machines. VQE aims to approximate the lowest eigenvalue of an exponentially sized matrix in polynomial time. It minimizes quantum resource…

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