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We use results from communication complexity, both new and old ones, to prove lower bounds for unambiguous finite automata (UFAs). We show three results. $\textit{Complement:}$ There is a language $L$ recognised by an $n$-state UFA such…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Mika Göös , Stefan Kiefer , Weiqiang Yuan

History-deterministic automata are those in which nondeterministic choices can be correctly resolved stepwise: there is a strategy to select a continuation of a run given the next input letter so that if the overall input word admits some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Soumyajit Paul , David Purser , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Patrick Totzke , Di-De Yen

We explore language semantics for automata combining probabilistic and nondeterministic behavior. We first show that there are precisely two natural semantics for probabilistic automata with nondeterminism. For both choices, we show that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Gerco van Heerdt , Justin Hsu , Joël Ouaknine , Alexandra Silva

We present new results on realtime alternating, private alternating, and quantum alternating automaton models. Firstly, we show that the emptiness problem for alternating one-counter automata on unary alphabets is undecidable. Then, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Gökalp Demirci , Mika Hirvensalo , Klaus Reinhardt , A. C. Cem Say , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

Every language recognized by a non-deterministic finite automaton can be recognized by a deterministic automaton, at the cost of a potential increase of the number of states, which in the worst case can go from $n$ states to $2^n$ states.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Arnaud Carayol , Philippe Duchon , Florent Koechlin , Cyril Nicaud

Families of DFAs (FDFAs) have recently been introduced as a new representation of $\omega$-regular languages. They target ultimately periodic words, with acceptors revolving around accepting some representation $u\cdot v^\omega$. Three…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Yong Li , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang

The communication matrix for two-way deterministic finite automata (2DFA) with $n$ states is defined for an automaton over a full alphabet of all $(2n+1)^n$ possible symbols: its rows and columns are indexed by strings, and the entry $(u,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Semyon Petrov , Fedor Petrov , Alexander Okhotin

In automata theory, while determinisation provides a standard route to solving many common problems in automata theory, some weak forms of nondeterminism can be dealt with in some problems without costly determinisation. For example, the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Thomas A. Henzinger , Keya Prakash , K. S. Thejaswini

Single-tape nondeterministic Turing machines that are allowed to replace the symbol in each tape cell only when it is scanned for the first time are also known as 1-limited automata. These devices characterize, exactly as finite automata,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Giovanni Pighizzini , Luca Prigioniero

Multi-letter {\it quantum finite automata} (QFAs) were a quantum variant of classical {\it one-way multi-head finite automata} (J. Hromkovi\v{c}, Acta Informatica 19 (1983) 377-384), and it has been shown that this new one-way QFAs…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-11-01 Daowen Qiu , Xiangfu Zou , Lvzhou Li , Paulo Mateus

In this paper, we introduce and explore a new model of {\it quantum finite automata} (QFA). Namely, {\it one-way finite automata with quantum and classical states} (1QCFA), a one way version of {\it two-way finite automata with quantum and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-12 Shenggen Zheng , Daowen Qiu , Lvzhou Li , Jozef Gruska

We show that every two-way deterministic finite automaton (2DFA) that solves one-way liveness on height h has Omega(h^2) states. This implies a quadratic lower bound for converting one-way nondeterministic finite automata to 2DFAs, which…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Kehinde Adeogun , Christos Kapoutsis

In this paper we consider a nondeterministic computation by deterministic multi-head 2-way automata having a read-only access to an auxiliary memory. The memory contains additional data (a guess) and computation is successful iff it is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-11-18 M. N. Vyalyi

Partially ordered automata are automata where the transition relation induces a partial order on states. The expressive power of partially ordered automata is closely related to the expressivity of fragments of first-order logic on finite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Tomáš Masopust , Markus Krötzsch

In this paper we consider the class of lambda-nondeterministic linear automata as a model of the class of linear languages. As usual in other automata models, lambda-moves do not increase the acceptance power. The main contribution of this…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Benjamín Bedregal

Affine finite automata (AfA) can be more succinct than probabilistic and quantum finite automata when recognizing some regular languages with bounded-error. In this paper, we improve previously known constructions given for the succinctness…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

The two-way finite automaton with quantum and classical states (2QCFA), defined by Ambainis and Watrous, is a model of quantum computation whose quantum part is extremely limited; however, as they showed, 2QCFA are surprisingly powerful: a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Zachary Remscrim

Alternating parity automata (APAs) provide a robust formalism for modelling infinite behaviours and play a central role in formal verification. Despite their widespread use, the algebraic theory underlying APAs has remained largely…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-05-16 Anupam Das , Abhishek De

Analogous to regular string and tree languages, regular languages of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are defined in the literature. Although called regular, those DAG-languages are more powerful and, consequently, standard problems have a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yvo Ad Meeres

In this work we study a non-linear generalization based on affine transformations of probabilistic and quantum automata proposed recently by D\'iaz-Caro and Yakary{\i}lmaz \cite{DCY16A} referred as affine automata. First, we present…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Marcos Villagra , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz