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Generative modeling has become a central paradigm in protein research, extending machine learning beyond structure prediction toward sequence design, backbone generation, inverse folding, and biomolecular interaction modeling. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Senura Hansaja Wanasekara , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Xiaochen Liu , Nguyen H. Tran , Ken-Tye Yong

Protein engineering seeks to identify protein sequences with optimized properties. When guided by machine learning, protein sequence generation methods can draw on prior knowledge and experimental efforts to improve this process. In this…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-28 Zachary Wu , Kadina E. Johnston , Frances H. Arnold , Kevin K. Yang

Metastructured auxetic patches, characterized by negative Poisson's ratios, offer unique mechanical properties that closely resemble the behavior of human tissues and organs. As a result, these patches have gained significant attention for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yingbin Chen , Milad Arzani , Xuan Mu , Sophia Jin , Shaoping Xiao

The correlations between the sequence of monomers in a polymer and its three-dimensional structure is a grand challenge in polymer science and biology. The properties and functions of macromolecules depend on their 3D shape that has…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-07-15 Ashwin A Bale , Tarak K Patra

Sequence generative models are transforming protein engineering. However, no principled framework exists for conditioning these models on auxiliary information, such as experimental data, without additional training of a generative model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Junhao Xiong , Ishan Gaur , Maria Lukarska , Hunter Nisonoff , Luke M. Oltrogge , David F. Savage , Jennifer Listgarten

Proteins play a pivotal role in biological systems. The use of machine learning algorithms for protein classification can assist and even guide biological experiments, offering crucial insights for biotechnological applications. We…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-24 Yizheng Wang , Yixiao Zhai , Yijie Ding , Quan Zou

The Gene or DNA sequence in every cell does not control genetic properties on its own; Rather, this is done through translation of DNA into protein and subsequent formation of a certain 3D structure. The biological function of a protein is…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Leila Khalatbari , Mohammad Reza Kangavari , Saeid Hosseini , Hongzhi Yin , Ngai-Man Cheung

Engineering new molecules with desirable functions and properties has the potential to extend our ability to engineer proteins beyond what nature has so far evolved. Advances in the so-called "de novo" design problem have recently been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Adam Winnifrith , Carlos Outeiral , Brian Hie

Statistical models for families of evolutionary related proteins have recently gained interest: in particular pairwise Potts models, as those inferred by the Direct-Coupling Analysis, have been able to extract information about the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-09-25 Kai Shimagaki , Martin Weigt

Deep learning has transformed protein design, enabling accurate structure prediction, sequence optimization, and de novo protein generation. Advances in single-chain protein structure prediction via AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, ESMFold, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Gregory W. Kyro , Tianyin Qiu , Victor S. Batista

Generative models emerge as promising candidates for novel sequence-data driven approaches to protein design, and for the extraction of structural and functional information about proteins deeply hidden in rapidly growing sequence…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-10 Jeanne Trinquier , Guido Uguzzoni , Andrea Pagnani , Francesco Zamponi , Martin Weigt

The 21st century is presenting humankind with unprecedented environmental and medical challenges. The ability to design novel proteins tailored for specific purposes could transform our ability to respond timely to these issues. Recent…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-08-24 Noelia Ferruz , Birte Höcker

We study the problem of extrapolative controlled generation, i.e., generating sequences with attribute values beyond the range seen in training. This task is of significant importance in automated design, especially drug discovery, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Vishakh Padmakumar , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , He He , Ankur P. Parikh

We analyse a simple discrete-time stochastic process for the theoretical modeling of the evolution of protein lengths. At every step of the process a new protein is produced as a modification of one of the proteins already existing and its…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-13 C. Destri , C. Miccio

Generative models of macromolecules carry abundant and impactful implications for industrial and biomedical efforts in protein engineering. However, existing methods are currently limited to modeling protein structures or sequences,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-15 Alex Morehead , Jeffrey Ruffolo , Aadyot Bhatnagar , Ali Madani

Sequential recommendation (SR) aims to predict the next purchasing item according to users' dynamic preference learned from their historical user-item interactions. To improve the performance of recommendation, learning dynamic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Chuan He , Yongchao Liu , Qiang Li , Weiqiang Wang , Xin Fu , Xinyi Fu , Chuntao Hong , Xinwei Yao

Protein fitness optimization involves finding a protein sequence that maximizes desired quantitative properties in a combinatorially large design space of possible sequences. Recent advances in steering protein generative models (e.g.,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-22 Jason Yang , Wenda Chu , Daniel Khalil , Raul Astudillo , Bruce J. Wittmann , Frances H. Arnold , Yisong Yue

Lattice models, for their coarse-grained nature, are best suited for the study of the ``designability problem'', the phenomenon in which most of the about 16,000 proteins of known structure have their native conformations concentrated in a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 C. T. Shih , Z. Y. Su , J. F. Gwan , B. L. Hao , C. H. Hsieh , J. L. Lo. , H. C. Lee

The sequence of a protein is not only constrained by its physical and biochemical properties under current selection, but also by features of its past evolutionary history. Understanding the extent and the form that these evolutionary…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-22 Mathieu Hemery , Olivier Rivoire

Genome sequencing projects are rapidly increasing the number of high-dimensional protein sequence datasets. Clustering a high-dimensional protein sequence dataset using traditional machine learning approaches poses many challenges. Many…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-04-27 Preeti Jha , Aruna Tiwari , Neha Bharill , Milind Ratnaparkhe , Om Prakash Patel , Nilagiri Harshith , Mukkamalla Mounika , Neha Nagendra