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We propose new tools for policy-makers to use when assessing and correcting fairness and bias in AI algorithms. The three tools are: - A new definition of fairness called "controlled fairness" with respect to choices of protected features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Mingliang Chen , Aria Shahverdi , Sarah Anderson , Se Yong Park , Justin Zhang , Dana Dachman-Soled , Kristin Lauter , Min Wu

Predictive artificial intelligence (AI) offers an opportunity to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes, but risks perpetuating biases if fairness is inadequately addressed. However, the definition of "fairness" remains unclear. We…

Thanks to the great progress of machine learning in the last years, several Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been increasingly moving from the controlled research laboratory settings to our everyday life. AI is clearly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Tatiana Tommasi , Silvia Bucci , Barbara Caputo , Pietro Asinari

Algorithm fairness has become a central problem for the broad adoption of artificial intelligence. Although the past decade has witnessed an explosion of excellent work studying algorithm biases, achieving fairness in real-world AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 James Enouen , Tianshu Sun , Yan Liu

The growing capability and accessibility of machine learning has led to its application to many real-world domains and data about people. Despite the benefits algorithmic systems may bring, models can reflect, inject, or exacerbate implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Ángel Alexander Cabrera , Will Epperson , Fred Hohman , Minsuk Kahng , Jamie Morgenstern , Duen Horng Chau

As AI becomes prevalent in high-risk domains and decision-making, it is essential to test for potential harms and biases. This urgency is reflected by the global emergence of AI regulations that emphasise fairness and adequate testing, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Varsha Ramineni , Hossein A. Rahmani , Emine Yilmaz , David Barber

Fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) has become a growing concern due to discriminatory outcomes in AI-based decision-making systems. While various methods have been proposed to mitigate bias, most rely on complete demographic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zichong Wang , Zhipeng Yin , Roland H. C. Yap , Wenbin Zhang

As artificial intelligence plays an increasingly important role in our society, there are ethical and moral obligations for both businesses and researchers to ensure that their machine learning models are designed, deployed, and maintained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Shubham Sharma , Jette Henderson , Joydeep Ghosh

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical societal domains has amplified concerns about fairness, particularly regarding unequal treatment across sensitive attributes such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Munshi Mahbubur Rahman , Shimei Pan , James R. Foulds

As AI systems increasingly influence critical sectors like telecommunications, finance, healthcare, and public services, ensuring fairness in decision-making is essential to prevent biased or unjust outcomes that disproportionately affect…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Avinash Agarwal , Mayashankar Kumar , Manisha J. Nene

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an important driving force for the development and transformation of the financial industry. However, with the fast-evolving AI technology and application, unintentional bias, insufficient model validation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-17 Yukun Zhang , Longsheng Zhou

Machine learning algorithms are being used in high-stakes decisions, including those in criminal justice, healthcare, credit, and employment. The research community has responded with two largely independent research fields:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Gideon Popoola , John Sheppard

Algorithmic fairness has received considerable attention due to the failures of various predictive AI systems that have been found to be unfairly biased against subgroups of the population. Many approaches have been proposed to mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Agathe Fernandes Machado , Suzie Grondin , Philipp Ratz , Arthur Charpentier , François Hu

Fairness is one of the most commonly identified ethical principles in existing AI guidelines, and the development of fair AI-enabled systems is required by new and emerging AI regulation. But most approaches to addressing the fairness of…

Fairness,the impartial treatment towards individuals or groups regardless of their inherent or acquired characteristics [20], is a critical challenge for the successful implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in multiple fields like…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Catalina M Jaramillo , Paul Squires , Julian Togelius

One of the difficulties of artificial intelligence is to ensure that model decisions are fair and free of bias. In research, datasets, metrics, techniques, and tools are applied to detect and mitigate algorithmic unfairness and bias. This…

Reaching consensus on a commonly accepted definition of AI Fairness has long been a central challenge in AI ethics and governance. There is a broad spectrum of views across society on what the concept of fairness means and how it should…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in domains such as recruitment, finance, healthcare, and the judiciary. However, biases in AI systems raise ethical and societal concerns, emphasizing the need for…

Machine learning models built on datasets containing discriminative instances attributed to various underlying factors result in biased and unfair outcomes. It's a well founded and intuitive fact that existing bias mitigation strategies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Bhushan Chaudhari , Akash Agarwal , Tanmoy Bhowmik

This paper summarizes and evaluates various approaches, methods, and techniques for pursuing fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) systems. It examines the merits and shortcomings of these measures and proposes practical guidelines for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Arash Bateni , Matthew C. Chan , Ray Eitel-Porter