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This dissertation demonstrates three new types of attacks against the KLJN scheme. The first attack type is based on compromised RNGs. The first RNG attacks are deterministic. First, Eve knows both noises. She can crack the bit via Ohm's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Christiana Chamon

It is shown that narrowing the difference between the high and low resistor values in the Kirchhoff Law-Johnson Noise (KLJN) key exchange strongly affects security against a recently introduced binary classifier-based wire resistance…

General Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Mehmet Yildirim , Laszlo B. Kish

We introduce seven new versions of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-(like)-Noise (KLJN) classical physical secure key exchange scheme and a new transient protocol for practically-perfect security. While these practical improvements offer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-18 Laszlo B. Kish

In this paper, a Resistor Hopping (RH) scheme with the addition of biases is proposed for secure Kirchhoff Law Johnson-Noise (KLJN) communication. The RH approach enables us to increase the bit rate of secure communication between Alice and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Hadi Zayyani , Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo , Mohammad Salman , Rausley A. A. de Souza

This paper introduces and demonstrates four new statistical attacks against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange scheme. The attacks utilize compromised random number generators at Alice's/Bob's site(s). The case of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Christiana Chamon , Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo B. Kish

We introduce two new Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key distribution schemes which are generalizations of the original KLJN scheme. The first of these, the Random-Resistor (RR-) KLJN scheme, uses random resistors with values…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-03-04 Laszlo Bela Kish , Claes-Goran Granqvist

This paper introduces and demonstrates two new attacks against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange scheme. The attacks are based on random number generators with compromised security. First we explore the situation in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Christiana Chamon , Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo B. Kish

The statistical fluctuations of the mean-square noise voltages measured at Alice's and Bob's ends in the KLJN scheme are used to implement a binary classifier for a new type of wire resistance-based attack. The data are plotted on a…

General Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Mehmet Yildirim , Fahrettin Ay , Laszlo B. Kish

The Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system has been introduced as a simple, very low cost and efficient classical physical alternative to quantum key distribution systems. The ideal system uses only a few electronic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-09-23 Gergely Vadai , Robert Mingesz , Zoltan Gingl

This paper demonstrates the vulnerability of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchanger to compromised random number generator(s) even if these random numbers are used solely to generate the noises emulating the Johnson…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Christiana Chamon , Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo Kish

We demonstrate the security vulnerability of the ideal Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) key exchanger against transient attacks. Transients start when Alice and Bob connect the wire to their chosen resistor at the beginning of each clock…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo B. Kish

In (Nature) Science Report 5 (2015) 13653, Vadai, Mingesz and Gingl (VMG) introduce a new Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchanger that operates with 4 arbitrary resistors (instead of 2 arbitrary resistance values forming 2…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Shahriar Ferdous , Christiana Chamon , Laszlo B. Kish

A method to quantify the error probability at the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange is introduced. The types of errors due to statistical inaccuracies in noise voltage measurements are classified and the error…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2013-12-18 Yessica Saez , Laszlo B. Kish

This paper introduces a new attack against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange scheme. The attack is based on the nonlinearity of the noise generators. We explore the effect of total distortion (TD) at the second…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Christiana Chamon , Laszlo B. Kish

A new attack against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise(KLJN) secure key exchange scheme is introduced. The attack exploits a parasitic (periodic) AC voltage-source at either Alice or Bob ends. Such situations exist due to AC ground loops and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Mutaz Melhem , Christiana Chamon , Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo B. Kish

Noise: an enemy to be dealt with and a major factor limiting communication system performance. However, what if there is gold in that garbage? In conventional engineering, our focus is primarily on eliminating, suppressing, combating, or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Ertugrul Basar

This article is a supplement to our recent one about the analysis of the noise properties in the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system [Gingl and Mingesz, PLOS ONE 9 (2014) e96109, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096109].…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-09-30 Robert Mingesz , Gergely Vadai , Zoltan Gingl

The information theoretically secure Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) key exchange scheme, similarly to quantum key distribution (QKD), is also potentially vulnerable against clock attacks, where Eve takes over the control of clock…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Laszlo B. Kish

A simple and general proof is given for the information theoretic (unconditional) security of the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) key exchange system under practical conditions. The unconditional security for ideal circumstances, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-12-30 L. B. Kish , C. G. Granqvist

We classify and analyze bit errors in the current measurement mode of the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) key distribution. The error probability decays exponentially with increasing bit exchange period and fixed bandwidth, which is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-14 Yessica Saez , Laszlo B. Kish , Robert Mingesz , Zoltan Gingl , Claes G. Granqvist
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