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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are transforming the capabilities of graphical user interface (GUI) agents, facilitating their transition from controlled simulations to complex, real-world applications across various platforms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Boyu Gou , Ruohan Wang , Boyuan Zheng , Yanan Xie , Cheng Chang , Yiheng Shu , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown strong potential as multilingual Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, as evidenced by existing GUI benchmarks. However, these benchmarks exhibit two primary limitations: (1) although…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ruihan Chen , Qiming Li , Xiaocheng Feng , Weihong Zhong , Xiaoliang Yang , Yuxuan Gu , Zekun Zhou , Yunfei Lu , Haoyu Ren , Kun Chen , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding is a key capability for computer-use agents, mapping natural-language instructions to actionable regions on the screen. Existing Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) approaches typically formulate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shijie Zhou , Viet Dac Lai , Hao Tan , Jihyung Kil , Wanrong Zhu , Changyou Chen , Ruiyi Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have enabled autonomous GUI agents that translate natural language instructions into executable screen coordinates. However, grounding performance degrades in high-resolution interfaces, where dense layouts and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruilin Yao , Shegnwu Xiong , Tianyu Zou , Shili Xiong , Yi Rong

Existing efforts in building Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents largely rely on the training paradigm of supervised fine-tuning on Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, this approach not only demands extensive amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Run Luo , Lu Wang , Wanwei He , Longze Chen , Jiaming Li , Xiaobo Xia

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding, the task of mapping natural language instructions to precise screen coordinates, is fundamental to autonomous GUI agents. While existing methods achieve strong performance through extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yong Du , Yuchen Yan , Fei Tang , Zhengxi Lu , Chang Zong , Weiming Lu , Shengpei Jiang , Yongliang Shen

GUI grounding aims to align natural language instructions with precise regions in complex user interfaces. Advanced multimodal large language models show strong ability in visual GUI grounding but still struggle with small or visually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Aiden Yiliu Li , Bizhi Yu , Daoan Lei , Tianhe Ren , Shilong Liu

Most existing GUI agents typically depend on non-vision inputs like HTML source code or accessibility trees, limiting their flexibility across diverse software environments and platforms. Current multimodal large language models (MLLMs),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yiqin Wang , Haoji Zhang , Jingqi Tian , Yansong Tang

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary vision-language understanding capabilities, their abilities to solve instance-level visual-language problems beyond a single image warrant further exploration.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yunqiu Xu , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding, the process of mapping human instructions to GUI actions, serves as a fundamental basis to autonomous GUI agents. While existing grounding models achieve promising performance to simulate the mouse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zeyi Liao , Yadong Lu , Boyu Gou , Huan Sun , Ahmed Awadallah

GUI grounding is a critical capability for enabling GUI agents to execute tasks such as clicking and dragging. However, in complex scenarios like the ScreenSpot-Pro benchmark, existing models often suffer from suboptimal performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Borui Zhang , Bo Zhang , Bo Wang , Wenzhao Zheng , Yuhao Cheng , Liang Tang , Yiqiang Yan , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been used as agents to control keyboard and mouse inputs by directly perceiving the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and generating corresponding commands. However, current agents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Dongping Chen , Yue Huang , Siyuan Wu , Jingyu Tang , Liuyi Chen , Yilin Bai , Zhigang He , Chenlong Wang , Huichi Zhou , Yiqiang Li , Tianshuo Zhou , Yue Yu , Chujie Gao , Qihui Zhang , Yi Gui , Zhen Li , Yao Wan , Pan Zhou , Jianfeng Gao , Lichao Sun

Visual grounding is essential for precise perception and reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), especially in medical imaging domains. While existing medical visual grounding benchmarks primarily focus on single-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jingkun Yue , Siqi Zhang , Zinan Jia , Huihuan Xu , Zongbo Han , Xiaohong Liu , Guangyu Wang

Visual grounding, localizing objects from natural language descriptions, represents a critical bridge between language and vision understanding. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve impressive scores on existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Rang Li , Lei Li , Shuhuai Ren , Hao Tian , Shuhao Gu , Shicheng Li , Zihao Yue , Yudong Wang , Wenhan Ma , Zhe Yang , Jingyuan Ma , Zhifang Sui , Fuli Luo

With the development of multimodal reasoning models, Computer Use Agents (CUAs), akin to Jarvis from \textit{"Iron Man"}, are becoming a reality. GUI grounding is a core component for CUAs to execute actual actions, similar to mechanical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Miaosen Zhang , Ziqiang Xu , Jialiang Zhu , Qi Dai , Kai Qiu , Yifan Yang , Chong Luo , Tianyi Chen , Justin Wagle , Tim Franklin , Baining Guo

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding aims to translate natural language instructions into executable screen coordinates, enabling automated GUI interaction. Nevertheless, incorrect grounding can result in costly, hard-to-reverse actions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Qingni Wang , Yue Fan , Xin Eric Wang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding is commonly framed as a coordinate prediction task -- given a natural language instruction, generate on-screen coordinates for actions such as clicks and keystrokes. However, recent Vision Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yu Zhao , Wei-Ning Chen , Huseyin Atahan Inan , Samuel Kessler , Lu Wang , Lukas Wutschitz , Fangkai Yang , Chaoyun Zhang , Pasquale Minervini , Saravan Rajmohan , Robert Sim

In the rapidly evolving landscape of AI research and application, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have emerged as a transformative force, adept at interpreting and integrating information from diverse modalities such as text,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Abdur Rahman , Rajat Chawla , Muskaan Kumar , Arkajit Datta , Adarsh Jha , Mukunda NS , Ishaan Bhola

Despite the rapid progress of large vision-language models (LVLMs), fine-grained, state-conditioned GUI interaction remains challenging. Current evaluations offer limited coverage, imprecise target-state definitions, and an overreliance on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Fengxian Ji , Jingpu Yang , Zirui Song , Yuanxi Wang , Zhexuan Cui , Yuke Li , Qian Jiang , Xiuying Chen

Tool-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in remote sensing (RS) applications. However, existing benchmarks assume question-answering input templates over predefined image-text data pairs. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Simranjit Singh , Michael Fore , Dimitrios Stamoulis