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Nearly all real world tasks are inherently partially observable, necessitating the use of memory in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Most model-free approaches summarize the trajectory into a latent Markov state using memory models borrowed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Steven Morad , Ryan Kortvelesy , Stephan Liwicki , Amanda Prorok

While deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents have demonstrated incredible potential in attaining dexterous behaviours for robotics, they tend to make errors when deployed in the real world due to mismatches between the training and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Krishan Rana , Vibhavari Dasagi , Jesse Haviland , Ben Talbot , MIchael Milford , Niko Sünderhauf

As a step towards developing zero-shot task generalization capabilities in reinforcement learning (RL), we introduce a new RL problem where the agent should learn to execute sequences of instructions after learning useful skills that solve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Junhyuk Oh , Satinder Singh , Honglak Lee , Pushmeet Kohli

Prompt-based learning is susceptible to intrinsic bias present in pre-trained language models (LMs), leading to sub-optimal performance in prompt-based zero/few-shot settings. In this work, we propose a null-input prompting method to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Kang He , Yinghan Long , Kaushik Roy

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) techniques have recently yielded promising results for real-world autonomous racing using high-dimensional observations. MBRL agents, such as Dreamer, solve long-horizon tasks by building a world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Elena Shrestha , Chetan Reddy , Hanxi Wan , Yulun Zhuang , Ram Vasudevan

We transform reinforcement learning (RL) into a form of supervised learning (SL) by turning traditional RL on its head, calling this Upside Down RL (UDRL). Standard RL predicts rewards, while UDRL instead uses rewards as task-defining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Juergen Schmidhuber

In this work, we study model-based reinforcement learning (RL) in unknown stabilizable linear dynamical systems. When learning a dynamical system, one needs to stabilize the unknown dynamics in order to avoid system blow-ups. We propose an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Sahin Lale , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Babak Hassibi , Anima Anandkumar

Unsupervised reinforcement learning aims to acquire skills without prior goal representations, where an agent automatically explores an open-ended environment to represent goals and learn the goal-conditioned policy. However, this procedure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Jinxin Liu , Hao Shen , Donglin Wang , Yachen Kang , Qiangxing Tian

Reinforcement learning (RL) is rapidly reaching and surpassing human-level control capabilities. However, state-of-the-art RL algorithms often require timesteps and reaction times significantly faster than human capabilities, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Devdhar Patel , Hava Siegelmann

Although Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are effective in well-defined environments, they often struggle to generalize their learned policies to dynamic settings due to their reliance on trial-and-error interactions. Recent work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zhihao Dou , Dongfei Cui , Jun Yan , Weida Wang , Benteng Chen , Haoming Wang , Zeke Xie , Shufei Zhang

Despite success in many challenging problems, reinforcement learning (RL) is still confronted with sample inefficiency, which can be mitigated by introducing prior knowledge to agents. However, many transfer techniques in reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Matheus Centa , Philippe Preux

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT demonstrate strong few-shot adaptability without requiring fine-tuning, positioning them ideal for data-limited and real-time applications. However, this adaptability has not yet been replicated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Zixuan Hu , Yongxian Wei , Li Shen , Chun Yuan , Dacheng Tao

When using reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to evaluate a policy it is common, given a large state space, to introduce some form of approximation architecture for the value function (VF). The exact form of this architecture can have a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-06 Edward W. Barker , Charl J. Ras

We study the offline meta-reinforcement learning (OMRL) problem, a paradigm which enables reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to quickly adapt to unseen tasks without any interactions with the environments, making RL truly practical in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Lanqing Li , Rui Yang , Dijun Luo

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms are known to scale poorly to environments with many available actions, requiring numerous samples to learn an optimal policy. The traditional approach of considering the same fixed action space in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Leo Ardon , Alberto Pozanco , Daniel Borrajo , Sumitra Ganesh

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often struggle in real-world applications where environmental conditions are non-stationary, particularly when reward functions shift or the available action space expands. This paper introduces MORPHIN, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Raul de la Rosa , Ivana Dusparic , Nicolas Cardozo

Reinforcement learning (RL) based investment strategies have been widely adopted in portfolio management (PM) in recent years. Nevertheless, most RL-based approaches may often emphasize on pursuing returns while ignoring the risks of the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-13 Zhenglong Li , Hejun Huang , Vincent Tam

Recently, safe reinforcement learning (RL) with the actor-critic structure for continuous control tasks has received increasing attention. It is still challenging to learn a near-optimal control policy with safety and convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Xinglong Zhang , Yaoqian Peng , Biao Luo , Wei Pan , Xin Xu , Haibin Xie

This paper explores multiple optimization methods to improve the performance of rating-based reinforcement learning (RbRL). RbRL, a method based on the idea of human ratings, has been developed to infer reward functions in reward-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Evelyn Rose , Devin White , Mingkang Wu , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

How can a reinforcement learning (RL) agent prepare to solve downstream tasks if those tasks are not known a priori? One approach is unsupervised skill discovery, a class of algorithms that learn a set of policies without access to a reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Benjamin Eysenbach , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Sergey Levine
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