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Deep learning models often achieve expert-level accuracy in medical image classification but suffer from a critical flaw: semantic incoherence. These high-confidence mistakes that are semantically incoherent (e.g., classifying a malignant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Abolfazl Mohammadi-Seif , Ricardo Baeza-Yates

Conformal prediction (CP) converts any model's output to prediction sets with a guarantee to cover the true label with (adjustable) high probability. Robust CP extends this guarantee to worst-case (adversarial) inputs. Existing baselines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Soroush H. Zargarbashi , Aleksandar Bojchevski

Deep learning models for medical imaging often exhibit overconfidence, creating safety risks in ambiguous diagnostic scenarios. While Conformal Prediction (CP) provides distribution-free statistical guarantees, standard methods such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 One Octadion , Novanto Yudistira , Lailil Muflikhah

The reliable deployment of deep learning in medical imaging requires uncertainty quantification that provides rigorous error guarantees while remaining anatomically meaningful. Conformal prediction (CP) is a powerful distribution-free…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Mélanie Gaillochet , Christian Desrosiers , Hervé Lombaert

Accurate prediction of outcomes is crucial for clinical decision-making and personalized patient care. Supervised machine learning algorithms, which are commonly used for outcome prediction in the medical domain, optimize for predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nithya Bhasker , Fiona R. Kolbinger , Susu Hu , Gitta Kutyniok , Stefanie Speidel

Conformal prediction (CP) is an emerging uncertainty quantification framework that allows us to construct a prediction set to cover the true label with a pre-specified marginal or conditional probability. Although the valid coverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Yuanjie Shi , Subhankar Ghosh , Taha Belkhouja , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Yan Yan

In this work, we present a novel approach to calibrate segmentation networks that considers the inherent challenges posed by different categories and object regions. In particular, we present a formulation that integrates class and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Balamurali Murugesan , Julio Silva-Rodriguez , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

Every wildfire prediction model deployed today shares a dangerous property: none of these methods provides formal guarantees on how much fire spread is missed. Despite extensive work on wildfire spread prediction using deep learning, no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Baljinnyam Dayan

Most image restoration problems are ill-conditioned or ill-posed and hence involve significant uncertainty. Quantifying this uncertainty is crucial for reliably interpreting experimental results, particularly when reconstructed images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jasper M. Everink , Bernardin Tamo Amougou , Marcelo Pereyra

As a natural extension to the standard conformal prediction method, several conformal risk control methods have been recently developed and applied to various learning problems. In this work, we seek to control the conformal risk in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Yunpeng Xu , Wenge Guo , Zhi Wei

Several variants of reweighted risk functionals, such as focal loss, inverse focal loss, and the Area Under the Risk Coverage Curve (AURC), have been proposed for improving model calibration; yet their theoretical connections to calibration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Han Zhou , Sebastian G. Gruber , Teodora Popordanoska , Matthew B. Blaschko

We develop a predictive inference procedure that combines conformal prediction (CP) with unconditional quantile regression (QR) -- a commonly used tool in econometrics that involves regressing the recentered influence function (RIF) of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Ahmed M. Alaa , Zeshan Hussain , David Sontag

Conformal risk control (CRC) provides distribution-free guarantees for controlling the expected loss at a user-specified level. Existing theory typically assumes that the loss decreases monotonically with a tuning parameter that governs the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Tareq Aldirawi , Yun Li , Wenge Guo

We transform the randomness of LLMs into precise assurances using an actuator at the API interface that applies a user-defined risk constraint in finite samples via Conformal Risk Control (CRC). This label-free and model-agnostic actuator…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-30 Lingyou Pang , Lei Huang , Jianyu Lin , Tianyu Wang , Alexander Aue , Carey E. Priebe

Most machine learning-based image segmentation models produce pixel-wise confidence scores that represent the model's predicted probability for each class label at every pixel. While this information can be particularly valuable in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bruno Viti , Elias Karabelas , Martin Holler

Reliable uncertainty estimation is one of the major challenges for medical classification tasks. While many approaches have been proposed, recently the statistical framework of conformal predictions has gained a lot of attention, due to its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hendrik Mehrtens , Tabea Bucher , Titus J. Brinker

Reliable probabilities are critical in high-risk applications, yet common calibration criteria (confidence, class-wise) are only necessary for full distributional calibration, and post-hoc methods often lack distribution-free guarantees. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-17 Daniil Kazantsev , Mohsen Guizani , Eric Moulines , Maxim Panov , Nikita Kotelevskii

Accurate computation of robust estimates for extremal quantiles of empirical distributions is an essential task for a wide range of applicative fields, including economic policymaking and the financial industry. Such estimates are…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-04 Pietro Bogani , Matteo Fontana , Luca Neri , Simone Vantini

Rare categories abound in a number of real-world networks and play a pivotal role in a variety of high-stakes applications, including financial fraud detection, network intrusion detection, and rare disease diagnosis. Rare category analysis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Longfeng Wu , Bowen Lei , Dongkuan Xu , Dawei Zhou

When integrating computational tools such as automatic segmentation into clinical practice, it is of utmost importance to be able to assess the level of accuracy on new data, and in particular, to detect when an automatic method fails.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-14 Vanya V. Valindria , Ioannis Lavdas , Wenjia Bai , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Eric O. Aboagye , Andrea G. Rockall , Daniel Rueckert , Ben Glocker