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Many individuals are likely to face a legal dispute at some point in their lives, but their lack of understanding of how to navigate these complex issues often renders them vulnerable. The advancement of natural language processing opens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Antoine Louis , Gijs van Dijck , Gerasimos Spanakis

Our ability to efficiently and accurately evaluate the quality of machine translation systems has been outrun by the effectiveness of current language models--which limits the potential for further improving these models on more challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Syeda Jannatus Saba , Steven Skiena

Starting from the 1950s, Machine Translation (MT) was challenged by different scientific solutions, which included rule-based methods, example-based and statistical models (SMT), to hybrid models, and very recent years the neural models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Lifeng Han , Serge Gladkoff

Most large language models (LLMs) are trained once and never updated; thus, they lack the ability to dynamically adapt to our ever-changing world. In this work, we perform a detailed study of the factuality of LLM-generated text in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Tu Vu , Mohit Iyyer , Xuezhi Wang , Noah Constant , Jerry Wei , Jason Wei , Chris Tar , Yun-Hsuan Sung , Denny Zhou , Quoc Le , Thang Luong

How can a monolingual English speaker determine whether an automatic translation in French is good enough to be shared? Existing MT error detection and quality estimation (QE) techniques do not address this practical scenario. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Dayeon Ki , Kevin Duh , Marine Carpuat

Recent advances have been improving the context windows of Large Language Models (LLMs). To quantify the real long-context capabilities of LLMs, evaluators such as the popular Needle in a Haystack have been developed to test LLMs over a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Jiawei Liu , Jia Le Tian , Vijay Daita , Yuxiang Wei , Yifeng Ding , Yuhan Katherine Wang , Jun Yang , Lingming Zhang

Neural metrics for machine translation evaluation, such as COMET, exhibit significant improvements in their correlation with human judgments, as compared to traditional metrics based on lexical overlap, such as BLEU. Yet, neural metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Ricardo Rei , Nuno M. Guerreiro , Marcos Treviso , Luisa Coheur , Alon Lavie , André F. T. Martins

Translation Quality Evaluation (TQE) is an essential step of the modern translation production process. TQE is critical in assessing both machine translation (MT) and human translation (HT) quality without reference translations. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Serge Gladkoff , Lifeng Han , Gleb Erofeev , Irina Sorokina , Goran Nenadic

This paper introduces MedExQA, a novel benchmark in medical question-answering, to evaluate large language models' (LLMs) understanding of medical knowledge through explanations. By constructing datasets across five distinct medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yunsoo Kim , Jinge Wu , Yusuf Abdulle , Honghan Wu

Consistency is a key requirement of high-quality translation. It is especially important to adhere to pre-approved terminology and adapt to corrected translations in domain-specific projects. Machine translation (MT) has achieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Yasmin Moslem , Rejwanul Haque , John D. Kelleher , Andy Way

Code-switching is a pervasive phenomenon in multilingual communication, yet the robustness of large language models (LLMs) in mixed-language settings remains insufficiently understood. In this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of…

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine translation (MT), yet their effectiveness in translating web novels remains unclear. Existing benchmarks rely on surface-level metrics that fail to capture the distinctive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Enze Zhang , Jiaying Wang , Mengxi Xiao , Jifei Liu , Ziyan Kuang , Rui Dong , Eric Dong , Sophia Ananiadou , Min Peng , Qianqian Xie

As large language models (LLMs) converge towards similar capabilities, the key to advancing their performance lies in identifying and incorporating valuable new information sources. However, evaluating which text collections are worth the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Tristan Karch , Luca Engel , Philippe Schwaller , Frédéric Kaplan

The task of long-form question answering (LFQA) involves retrieving documents relevant to a given question and using them to generate a paragraph-length answer. While many models have recently been proposed for LFQA, we show in this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Kalpesh Krishna , Aurko Roy , Mohit Iyyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been profusely evaluated on their ability to answer questions on many topics and their performance on different natural language understanding tasks. Those tests are usually conducted in English, but most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Marina Mayor-Rocher , Nina Melero , Elena Merino-Gómez , María Grandury , Javier Conde , Pedro Reviriego

We present SemanticQA, an evaluation suite designed to assess language models (LMs) in semantic phrase processing tasks. The benchmark consolidates existing multiword expression (MwE) resources and reorganizes them into a unified testbed.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yang Liu , Hongming Li , Melissa Xiaohui Qin , Qiankun Liu , Chao Huang

Neural abstractive summarization models are prone to generate content inconsistent with the source document, i.e. unfaithful. Existing automatic metrics do not capture such mistakes effectively. We tackle the problem of evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Esin Durmus , He He , Mona Diab

Large Language Models (LLM's) have demonstrated considerable success in various Natural Language Processing tasks, but they have yet to attain state-of-the-art performance in Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Nevertheless, their significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Sai Koneru , Miriam Exel , Matthias Huck , Jan Niehues

We introduce MT-LENS, a framework designed to evaluate Machine Translation (MT) systems across a variety of tasks, including translation quality, gender bias detection, added toxicity, and robustness to misspellings. While several toolkits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Javier García Gilabert , Carlos Escolano , Audrey Mash , Xixian Liao , Maite Melero

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in machine translation. However, their translation quality is sometimes questioned, as the generated outputs may deviate from expressions typically used by native…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ke-Ching Chang , Chung-Chi Chen , An-Zi Yen
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